کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی، آلی و شیمیایی بر پاسخ های رشد و کیفیت چند رقم سیب زمینی (Solanum tuberosum) در شمال استان خوزستان
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیmansour timar 1 , شهرام لک 2 * , علیرضا شکوه فر 3 , ناصر ظریفی نیا 4 , مجتبی علوی فاضل 5
1 - - Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - استاد گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
4 - استادیار پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات باغبانی، پژوهشکده سبزی وصیفی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی صفی¬آباد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران
5 - استاد گروه زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: محرک رشد, ارگانیک, تغذیه متعادل, نیتروژن, سولانین,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت تغذیه رقم‌های مختلف سیب زمینی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی و مقدار عناصر غذایی غده سیب زمینی آزمایشی در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی صفی آباد دزفول به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طی دو سال زراعی 1396-1395 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از تغذیه در سه سطح (تغذیه با کودهای شیمیایی اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم (به ترتیب 180، 150 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، تغذیه با کود آلی هیومیک اسید و کود بیولوژیکی فسفر بارور2 (به ترتیب 1 کیلوگرم و 100 گرم در هکتار) و تیمار تغذیه تلفیقی با کودهای شیمیایی+هیومیک اسید+فسفر بارور 2، در کرت های اصلی و رقم‌های سیب زمینی (سانته، آریندا و ساوالان) در کرت¬های فرعی قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای تغذیه با کود شیمیایی درصد ماده خشک بالاتری از سایر تیمارها داشتند و تیمار تغذیه با کود شیمیایی+هیومیک اسید+فسفر بارور 2 در رتبه بعدی قرار گرفت. رقم سانته در سال دوم تحقیق و تغذیه با کود شیمیایی به مقدار 27/69 درصد، ماده خشک بالاتری از سایر تیمارها داشت و پس از آن رقم ساوالان در همین تیمار تغذیه و در سال دوم کشت با درصد ماده خشک برابر 26/47 درصد قرار داشت. مقدار نیتروژن سیب زمینی در سال دوم نسبت به سال اول افزایش معنی داری داشته و بیشترین غلظت نیتروژن سیب زمینی در تیمارهای مورد مطالعه در سال دوم تحقیق مشاهده شد. بیشترین غلظت فسفر در تیمار تغذیه با هیومیک اسید+ فسفر بارور 2 در سال دوم به میزان 3/31 میلی‌گرم بر گرم در رقم آریندا به‌دست آمد. تیمارهای تغذیه با هیومیک اسید در مجموع شرایط بهتری از سایر تیمارها از نظر غلظت فسفر داشتند. بر اساس نتایج صفات کیفی، کمترین مقادیر سم سولانین به میزان 546/4 و 632/2 میکروگرم برگرم ماده خشک در رقم ساوالان به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم به دست آمد. تیمارهای تغذیه با کود شیمیایی و رقم آریندا در هر دو سال تحقیق، کمترین مقدار سم سولانین را به خود اختصاص دادند. رقم ساوالان عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سایر رقم‌ها داشت و در مجموع استفاده از کود زیستی فسفر بارور 2 و هیومیک اسید باعث بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی سیب زمینی در شرایط اقلیمی شمال خوزستان شد.
In order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications during two cropping years 2016-2017. The studied treatments are nutrition at three levels (application of urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizers (180, 150 and 100 kg.ha-1, respectively), nutrition with humic acid organic fertilizer and phosphorus Barvar-2 (1kg and 100 g.ha-1, respectively) and combined nutrition treatment with chemical fertilizers + humic acid+ phosphorus Barvar-2) in main plots and potato cultivars (Sante, Arinda and Savalan) in sub plots. The results showed that chemical fertilizer treatments had a higher percentage of dry matter than other nutritional treatments and nutritional treatment with chemical fertilizer+ humic acid+Barvar-2 was in the next rank. Also, findings showed that Sante cultivar in the second year with application of chemical fertilizer had higher percentage of dry matter than other treatments by 27.69 percent followed by Savalan cultivar was in the same nutrition treatment in the second year of cultivation 26.47 percent dry matter. Based on the results of mean comparison, the nitrogen content of potato in the second year increased significantly compared to the first year and the highest nitrogen content was observed in the studied treatments in the second year of the study. The highest amount of phosphorus was the humic acid+ Barvar-2 treatment in the second year by 3.31 mg. g-1 in Arinda cultivar. Generally, humic acid treatments were better than other nutritional treatments in terms of phosphorus levels. Also, according to the qualitative traits, the lowest levels of solanine toxin were obtained in the first and second year in Savalan cultivar, by 546.4 and 632. 2μg.g-1 dry matter respectively. In chemical fertilizer nutrition treatments, Arinda cultivar had the lowest amount of solanine toxin in both years of research. Overall, the results of this study showed that Savalan cultivar had better performance than other cultivars and in general, the application of phosphorus Barvar-2 and humic acid improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoes in the northern Khuzestan climatic conditions.
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