بارزدایی بهینه جهت جلوگیری از فروپاشی ولتاژ با در نظر گرفتن ارزش گذاری فیدرها و باس ها
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی الکترونیک
سمیه عبدالهی کاکرودی
1
,
رضا ابراهیمی
2
,
احمد احمدی
3
1 - گروه مهندسی برق، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی برق، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه مهندسی برق، واحد نوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نوشهر، ایران
کلید واژه: فروپاشی ولتاژ, پایداری ولتاژ, بارزدایی تحت ولتاژ, ارزش‌گذاری فیدرها, بارزدایی بهینه,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه، سیستم‌های قدرت با توجه به دلایل اقتصادی، در نزدیکی مرزهای پایداری بهره‌برداری می‌شوند. از طرفی دیگر، با وقوع خطا، حد پایداری شبکه دچار مشکل شده که برای جبران آن راهکارهای مختلفی وجود دارد. آخرین و مطمئن‌ترین راهکار برای کنترل و حفظ پایداری شبکه، بارزدایی می‌باشد. در این مقاله، بارزدایی تحت ولتاژ با در نظر گرفتن وابستگی بار فیدرها به ولتاژ و همچنین استفاده از الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی ازدحام ذرات گسسته بهبودیافته (IDPSO) ارائه‌شده است. با توجه به اینکه مدل بار در تحلیل بار واقعی از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است، اعمال تصمیمات با در نظر گرفتن وابستگی بارها به ولتاژ انجام خواهد شد. برای اطمینان از عملکرد صحیح، روش پیشنهادی با استفاده از نرم‌افزارMATLAB بر روی شبکه نمونه 30 باس IEEE با در نظر گرفتن قیود مربوطه اجراشده است. برای این منظور، دو بار حیاتی برای سیستم نمونه لحاظ شده و نتایج موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که روش پیشنهادی، بهترین پاسخ جهت مکان و مقدار بارزدایی را ارائه داده و نشان‌دهنده عملکرد مؤثر روش پیشنهادی می‌باشد.
Today, power systems are operated close to their stability limits for economic reasons. On the other hand, with the occurrence of outage, the stability of the system has a problem that there are various solutions to compensate. The last and safest way to control and maintain system stability is load shedding. In this paper, under voltage load shedding is presented considering voltage dependent feeders load and also using the improved discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm (IDPSO). Since the load model is particular importance in the real load analysis, the decisions will be applied by considering voltage dependent load modeling. To ensure proper operation, the proposed method has been implemented using MATLAB software on the IEEE 30-bus test system by considering related constraints. For this purpose, two critical loads for the test system are considered and the results are examined. The results show that the proposed method provides the best location and amount of load shedding and indicates its effectiveness.
[1] Z.Y. Dong, P. Zhang, "Emerging Techniques in Power System Analysis", Springer, 2009.
[2] Z. Shi, W. Yao, Z. Li, L. Zeng, Y. Zhao, R. Zhang, et al., "Artificial intelligence techniques for stability analysis and control in smart grids: Methodologies, applications, challenges and future directions", Appl. Energy, vol. 278. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115733.
[3] P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control", McGrew-Hill Inc., 1994.
[4] S. Rai, Y. Kumar, G. Agnihotri, "Under voltage load shedding for contingency analysis to optimize power loss and voltage stability margin", International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 57-64, 2014, doi:10.14810/elelij.2014.3406.
[5] S.M. Kisengeu, Ch.M. Muriithi, G.N. Nyakoe, "Under voltage load shedding using hybrid ABC-PSO algorithm for voltage stability enhancement", Heliyon, vol. 7,no.10, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08138.
[6] M. Begovic, D. Fulton, M.R. Gonzalez, J. Goossens, E.A. Guro, R.W. Haas, et al., "Summary of "System Protection and Voltage Stability",", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery , vol. 10, no.2, pp. 631-638, 1995, doi: 10.1109/61.400868.
[7] Y. Wang, I.R. Pordanjani, W. Li, W. Xu, E. Vaahedi, "Strategy to minimise the load shedding amount for voltage collapse prevention", IET Generat. Transm. Distribut. vol. 5, no.3, pp. 307-313, 2011, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2010.0341.
[8] L.D. Arya, A. Koshti, "Anticipatory load shedding for line overload alleviation using Teaching learning based optimization (TLBO)", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol. 63, pp. 862–877, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.066.
[9] D. Chattopadhyay, B.B. Chakrabarti, "A preventive/corrective model for voltage stability incorporating dynamic load-shedding", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol. 25,no.5, pp. 363–376, 2003, doi:10.1016/S0142-0615(02)00094-7.
[10] X. Fu, X. Wang, "Determination of load shedding to provide voltage stability", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol. 33,no.3, pp. 515–521, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.11.006.
[11] Z.A. Hamid, I. Musirin, "Optimal Fuzzy Inference System incorporated with stability index tracing: an application for effective load shedding", Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 41,no.4, pp. 1095–1103, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.105.
[12] R.M. Larik, M.W. Mustafa, M.N. Aman, T.A. Jumani, S. Sajid, M.K. Panjwani, "An improved algorithm for optimal load shedding in power systems" , Energies, vol. 11,no.7, 2018,doi: 10.3390/en11071808.
[13] V. Tamilselvan, T. Jayabarathi, "A hybrid method for optimal load shedding and improving voltage stability", Ain Shams Eng. J, vol. 7,no.1, pp. 223–232, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.asej.2015.11.003.
[14] Y.Wang, Yong.Wang, Y.Ding, Y.Zhou, Zh.Zhang, "A fast load shedding algorithm for power system based on Artificial Neural Network", International conference on IC design and technology, Jun, 2019, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICICDT.2019.8790851.
[15] J. Modarresi, E.Gholipour, A.Khodabakhshian, "New adaptive and centralized undervoltageload shedding to prevent short-term voltage instability", The institution of engineering and technology, vol. 12, pp. 2530-2538 , 2018, doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0783.
[16] S. Jalilzadeh, S.H. Hosseini, M. Derafshian-Maram, "Optimal load shedding to prevent voltage instability based on multi-objective optimization using modal analysis and PSO", International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems, pp. 371-376 , 2010, doi: 10.1109/ICUMT.2010.5676611.
[17] P. Pourghasem, H. Seyedi, K. Zare, "A new optimal under-voltage load shedding scheme for voltage collapse prevention in a multi-microgrid system", Electr. Power Syst. Research. vol. 203, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107629.
[18] A. Arief, M. B. Nappu, Zh.Y.Dong, "Dynamic under-voltage load shedding scheme considering composite load modeling", Electr. Power Syst. Research, vol. 202, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107598.
[19] A. Ahmadi, Y. Alinejad-Beromi, "A new integer-value modeling of optimal load shedding to prevent voltage instability", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol.65, pp. 210–219, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.09.021.
[20] R.M. larik, M.W. Mustafa, M.N. Aman, "A critical review of the stateof-art schemes for under voltage load shedding", International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol.29, pp. 1-26, 2019, doi:10.1002/2050-7038.2828.
[21] A. Ahmadi, Y. Alinejad. Beromi, H.R. Soleymanpour, "Optimal load shedding by a new binary PSO", The International Journal for computation and Mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 35, no.3, pp. 898-909, 2016, doi:10.1108/COMPEL-01-2016-0033.
[22] K. Qian, Ch. Zhou, M. Allan, Y. Yuan, "Effect of load models on assessment of energy losses in distributed generation planning" International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 33,n o.6, pp. 1243-1250 , 2011, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.04.003.
[23] A. Ahmadi, M. Niasati, Y. Alinejad Beromi, "Optimal PMU Placement Considering Measurement loss by an Improved Discrete PSO", Int. Power Syst. Conference, vol. 26, 2011.
[25] L.M. Hajagos, B. Danai, " Laboratory Measurements and Models of Modem Loads and Their Effect on Voltage Stability Studies", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.13, no.2, pp.584-592, 1998, doi: 10.1109/59.667386.
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[1] Z.Y. Dong, P. Zhang, "Emerging Techniques in Power System Analysis", Springer, 2009.
[2] Z. Shi, W. Yao, Z. Li, L. Zeng, Y. Zhao, R. Zhang, et al., "Artificial intelligence techniques for stability analysis and control in smart grids: Methodologies, applications, challenges and future directions", Appl. Energy, vol. 278. 2020, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115733.
[3] P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control", McGrew-Hill Inc., 1994.
[4] S. Rai, Y. Kumar, G. Agnihotri, "Under voltage load shedding for contingency analysis to optimize power loss and voltage stability margin", International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 57-64, 2014, doi:10.14810/elelij.2014.3406.
[5] S.M. Kisengeu, Ch.M. Muriithi, G.N. Nyakoe, "Under voltage load shedding using hybrid ABC-PSO algorithm for voltage stability enhancement", Heliyon, vol. 7,no.10, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08138.
[6] M. Begovic, D. Fulton, M.R. Gonzalez, J. Goossens, E.A. Guro, R.W. Haas, et al., "Summary of "System Protection and Voltage Stability",", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery , vol. 10, no.2, pp. 631-638, 1995, doi: 10.1109/61.400868.
[7] Y. Wang, I.R. Pordanjani, W. Li, W. Xu, E. Vaahedi, "Strategy to minimise the load shedding amount for voltage collapse prevention", IET Generat. Transm. Distribut. vol. 5, no.3, pp. 307-313, 2011, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2010.0341.
[8] L.D. Arya, A. Koshti, "Anticipatory load shedding for line overload alleviation using Teaching learning based optimization (TLBO)", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol. 63, pp. 862–877, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.066.
[9] D. Chattopadhyay, B.B. Chakrabarti, "A preventive/corrective model for voltage stability incorporating dynamic load-shedding", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol. 25,no.5, pp. 363–376, 2003, doi:10.1016/S0142-0615(02)00094-7.
[10] X. Fu, X. Wang, "Determination of load shedding to provide voltage stability", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol. 33,no.3, pp. 515–521, 2011, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.11.006.
[11] Z.A. Hamid, I. Musirin, "Optimal Fuzzy Inference System incorporated with stability index tracing: an application for effective load shedding", Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 41,no.4, pp. 1095–1103, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.105.
[12] R.M. Larik, M.W. Mustafa, M.N. Aman, T.A. Jumani, S. Sajid, M.K. Panjwani, "An improved algorithm for optimal load shedding in power systems" , Energies, vol. 11,no.7, 2018,doi: 10.3390/en11071808.
[13] V. Tamilselvan, T. Jayabarathi, "A hybrid method for optimal load shedding and improving voltage stability", Ain Shams Eng. J, vol. 7,no.1, pp. 223–232, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.asej.2015.11.003.
[14] Y.Wang, Yong.Wang, Y.Ding, Y.Zhou, Zh.Zhang, "A fast load shedding algorithm for power system based on Artificial Neural Network", International conference on IC design and technology, Jun, 2019, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICICDT.2019.8790851.
[15] J. Modarresi, E.Gholipour, A.Khodabakhshian, "New adaptive and centralized undervoltageload shedding to prevent short-term voltage instability", The institution of engineering and technology, vol. 12, pp. 2530-2538 , 2018, doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0783.
[16] S. Jalilzadeh, S.H. Hosseini, M. Derafshian-Maram, "Optimal load shedding to prevent voltage instability based on multi-objective optimization using modal analysis and PSO", International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems, pp. 371-376 , 2010, doi: 10.1109/ICUMT.2010.5676611.
[17] P. Pourghasem, H. Seyedi, K. Zare, "A new optimal under-voltage load shedding scheme for voltage collapse prevention in a multi-microgrid system", Electr. Power Syst. Research. vol. 203, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107629.
[18] A. Arief, M. B. Nappu, Zh.Y.Dong, "Dynamic under-voltage load shedding scheme considering composite load modeling", Electr. Power Syst. Research, vol. 202, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107598.
[19] A. Ahmadi, Y. Alinejad-Beromi, "A new integer-value modeling of optimal load shedding to prevent voltage instability", Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst, vol.65, pp. 210–219, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.09.021.
[20] R.M. larik, M.W. Mustafa, M.N. Aman, "A critical review of the stateof-art schemes for under voltage load shedding", International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol.29, pp. 1-26, 2019, doi:10.1002/2050-7038.2828.
[21] A. Ahmadi, Y. Alinejad. Beromi, H.R. Soleymanpour, "Optimal load shedding by a new binary PSO", The International Journal for computation and Mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 35, no.3, pp. 898-909, 2016, doi:10.1108/COMPEL-01-2016-0033.
[22] K. Qian, Ch. Zhou, M. Allan, Y. Yuan, "Effect of load models on assessment of energy losses in distributed generation planning" International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 33,n o.6, pp. 1243-1250 , 2011, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.04.003.
[23] A. Ahmadi, M. Niasati, Y. Alinejad Beromi, "Optimal PMU Placement Considering Measurement loss by an Improved Discrete PSO", Int. Power Syst. Conference, vol. 26, 2011.
[25] L.M. Hajagos, B. Danai, " Laboratory Measurements and Models of Modem Loads and Their Effect on Voltage Stability Studies", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.13, no.2, pp.584-592, 1998, doi: 10.1109/59.667386.