چکیده مقاله :
بخش کشاورزی ، نقش مهمی در کسب درآمدهای ارزی را دارد. همچنین ورود به عرصه تجارت بین المللی نیاز به دارا بودن شرایط لازم جهت پیوستن به سازمان تجارت جهانی (WTO) و نیز رقابت پذیری محصولات زراعی است. این مطالعه به بررسی امکانات تولیدی و مزیت نسبی بخش زراعی استان مازندران بعنوان یکی از قطب های مهم کشاورزی کشور، در سال زراعی 86-1385 با استفاده از شاخص های معمول و رهیافت برنامه ریزی خطی می پردازد. برای این منظور از دو نرخ ارز یورو و دلار استفاده شد. با بکارگیری نرخ ارز یورو، برآورد شاخص های مزیت نسبی با استفاده از مدل های برنامه ریزی خطی نشان داد که از میان محصولاتی که دارای مزیت نسبی بوده اند، عمدتاً محصولات انواع برنج، سیب زمینی آبی، جو آبی و دیم، سویا بهاره دیم، لوبیا چیتی آبی، گوجه فرنگی آبی و عدس دیم وارد الگوی بهینه کشت شده اند. محدودکننده ترین عامل تولید محصولات فوق ، زمین می باشد. بطوریکه با اضافه شدن هر هکتار به زمین های موجود آبی و دیم، سود خالص اجتماعی در شهرستان ها می تواند بترتیب به میزان 25 و 5/18 میلیون ریال به کل شهرستان افزوده شود. تحلیل حساسیت برای هر یک از محصولات و نهاده ها انجام گرفت. در نهایت برآورد مدل با استفاده از نرخ ارز دلار نتایج مشابهی با نرخ ارز یورو بدست داد. باتوجه به نتایج بدست آمده در الگوی برنامه ریزی بر مبنای مزیت نسبی توسعه کشت برنج و دانه های روغنی در استان توصیه می شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The role of agriculture sector is important in earning foreign exchange. To sell products in international market, they must be competitive. This study investigates comparative advantage in Mazandaran province, by using common indices and linear programming method in 2006-2007. In the process, dollar and euro were used. The results of linear programming showed that among crops which had comparative advantage, rice, irrigated yam, irrigated and rain fed barley, rain fed soy been, irrigated tomato and rain fed lentil were in optimum model. Most limited factor of production was land. The results indicated that adding one hectare to irrigate and rain fed land, would increase, net social profit by 25 and 18.5 million Rials, respectively. Sensitivity analysis for outputs and inputs was done individually. Estimation of model by using dollar showed similar results with euro. Finally, based on the results, development of rice and oilseeds was recommended. JEL Classification : C61,E23, N50
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