مدیریت تولید پایدار ذرت دانه‌ای در ایران: رویکرد منافع اجتماعی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزیآذر شیخ زین الدین 1 , فاطمه فتحی 2
1 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز
2 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز
کلید واژه: آب خاکستری, منافع اقتصادی, منافع اجتماعی, ذرت دانه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
ذرت به عنوان یکی از اساسی‌ترین فرآورده‌های زراعی، جایگاه و نقش استراتژیک مهمی در ایران دارد؛ به طوری که به عنوان یک محصول مهم در همه استان‌های ایران کشت می‌شود و کشاورزان از کشت آن کسب درآمد می‌کنند. اما این محصول نیاز به مصرف آب و کود بالایی دارد و همین امر منجر به آلودگی شدید آب‌های زیرزمینی می‌گردد و هزینه‌های گزافی را به محیط‌زیست وارد می‌نماید و کشت پایدار آن را به خطر می اندازد. بنابراین لازم است جایگاه هر استان با توجه به منافع اجتماعی حاصل از کشت ذرت مشخص گردد. از این‌رو، در این مطالعه ارزش کنونی منافع اقتصادی، هزینه‌های زیست‌محیطی و در نهایت منافع اجتماعی کشت ذرت‌دانه‌ای در استان‌های مختلف ایران طی دوره زمانی 1392-1379 محاسبه شد. به منظور محاسبه هزینه‌های زیست‌محیطی، آب خاکستری حاصل از کشت این محصول محاسبه شد. در نهایت منافع اجتماعی در استان‌های مختلف محاسبه و رتبه هر استان تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد که همه اس
maize as one of the most important crops has a significant strategic role in Iran, so it is cultivated as an important crop in all provinces of Iran and farmers earn profit from their cultivation. Therefore, in this study, economic benefits, environmental costs and, ultimately, social benefits of maize cultivation were calculated in different provinces of Iran. In order to calculate the environmental costs, the maize gray water was calculated. Results showed that all Iranian provinces have economic benefits, but by calculating the gray water and consequently the environmental cost, it was determined that the provinces of Mazandaran, Fars and North Khorasan have the highest environmental cost. This has led to social losses in some of these provinces. The results showed that the provinces of Kohkiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Qazvin and East Azarbaijan have the most social benefits in the cultivation of maize. However, the provinces of Khuzestan, Kermanshah and Fars, which have the most cultivated areas in different years, have lower social benefits, so that Kermanshah province has social losses.
- Agricultural Jihad Organization, (2017). Agricultural Statistics. Iran. Available on line https://www.maj.ir/Index.aspx?page_=form&lang=1&PageID=11583& tempname=amar&sub =65&methodName=ShowModuleContent
- Ababaei, B. & Etedali, H. R. (2014). Estimation of water footprint components of Iran’s wheat production: Comparison of global and national scale estimates. Environmental processes, 1(3): 193-205.
-Ababaei, B. & Etedali, H. R. (2017). Water footprint assessment of main cereals in Iran. Agricultural Water Management, 179, 401-411.
-Ahnazi, Z. Jafari, H. Forqan, G. & Qanatian, H. (2013). Evaluation of groundwater pollution to nitrate and phosphate in Majan plain, Semnan province. National Conference on Environmental Research of Iran, Hamedan. (In Persian).
-Allocca, V. Marzano, E. Tramontano, M. & Celico, F. (2018). Environmental impact of cattle grazing on a karst aquifer in the southern Apennines (Italy): Quantification through the grey water footprint. Ecological Indicators, 93, 830-837.
-Barqi, H. Hassani Nejad, A., & Shayan, M. (2017). Evaluation of the Effects of Agricultural Chemical Pesticides on the Living Environment of Villages (Case study: villages of Zarrin Dasht city). Environmental Risk Management (Knowledge of Former Risks, 4(3): 262-247. (In Persian).
-Chapagain, A.K. Hoekstra A.Y. & Savenije, H.H.G. (2006). Water saving through international trade of agricultural products. Hydrol. Earth system Science, 10, pp. 455–468.
-Ghorbani, M. (2001). Economic study of soil erosion in Iran: Estimation of water erosion cost, Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
-Easter, K.W. & Liu, Y. (2005). Cost Recovery and water pricing for irrigation and drainage projects, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The World Bank.
-Halkidis, I. & Papadimos, D. (2007). Technical report of life environment project: Ecosystem based water resources management to minimize environmental impacts from agriculture using state of the art modeling tools in strymonas basi, Greek Biotope.Wetland Center (EKBY).
-Hoekstra, A.Y. & Chapagain, A.K. (2008). Globalization of Water. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, USA, Sharing the planet's freshwater resources.
-Hoekstra, A.Y. Chapagain, A.K. Aldaya, M.M. et al. (2011). Water Footprint Assessment Manual: Setting the Global Standard. Earthscan London, UK.
- Hoekstra, A.Y. Chapagain, A.K. Aldaya, M.M. & Mekonnen, M.M. (2009). Water footprint manual: State of the art 2009, Water Footprint Network, Enschede, the Netherlands.
-Hoekstra, A. Y. & Hung, P. Q. (2002). Virtual water trade. A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of water research report series, 11, 166.
-Hosseini, P. & Ghorbani, M. (2002). Wheat land protection management with emphasis on indigenous knowledge in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Industries, 16 (1): 181-192. (In Persian).
-Kochaki, E. (1997). Agronomy and plant breeding dry farming. Ferdosi University, Mashhad, Iran.
- Kurdi, M. Fazlnia, A.N. Pir Kharati, H. & Vafayi, H. (2013). Assess the pollution of groundwater resources northwest of Kabudar Dasht song using GIS. National Conference on Environmental Research of Iran, Hamedan. (In Persian).
-Lara, P. & Minasian, I.S. (1999). Fractional programming: A tool for the assessment of sustainability, Agricultural System, 62: 131-141.
-Li, H. Wang, Y. Qin, L. He, H. Zhang, T. Wang, J. & Zheng, X. (2019). Effects of different slopes and fertilizer types on the grey water footprint of maize production in the black soil region of China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 119077.
-Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2010). A global and high-resolution assessment of the green, blue and grey water footprint of wheat. hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14: 1259-1276.
-Mirkarimi, Sh. July, R. Ishraqi, F. & Shirani Bidabadi, F. (2015). Managing the pattern of cultivation of crops by emphasizing environmental considerations (a case study of Amol city). Environmental Science and Technology, 18 (2): 247-259. (In Persian).
-Molaei, M. Hesari, N. & Javan Bakht. A. (2017). Estimation of Environmental Efficiency based on Agricultural Products (Case study: Rice environmental efficiency). Journal of Agricultural Economics, 11(2): 172-157. (In Persian).
-Nasabian, Sh. Mohammadi, H. & Kikha, A.R. (2014). The effect of modification of cultivation pattern on fertilizer and water reduction of agricultural activities (Case study: Fars province), Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2 (3): 91-75 (In Persian).
-Pourfadkari, S. (2013) Technical and economic evaluation of desalination methods of water resources. National Conference on Environmental Research of Iran, Hamedan. (In Persian).
-Serio, F. Miglietta, P. P. Lamastra, L. Ficocelli, S. Intini, F. De Leo, F. & De Donno, A. (2018). Groundwater nitrate contamination and agricultural land use: A grey water footprint perspective in Southern Apulia Region (Italy). Science of the Total Environment, 645, 1425-1431.
-Sharzeh, Gh. & Majid, V. (2014). A Different Look at Agricultural Activities: Agricultural Environmental Costs in Iran. Agricultural Economics, Special Letter, 81-69. (In Persian).
-Shams al-Dini, M. & Shahraki, J. (2013). Provide an appropriate tax model to reduce pollution caused by the use of chemical pesticides in agricultural areas and simulate Monte Carlo in the face of the uncertainty of reducing pollution in the assumed tax model. Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, 5 (18): 41-73. (In Persian).
-Vale, R. L. Netto, A. M. de Lima Xavier, B. T. Barreto, M. D. L. P. & da Silva, J. P. S. (2019). Assessment of the gray water footprint of the pesticide mixture in a soil cultivated with sugarcane in the northern area of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 234, 925-932.
-Yaghoubi, F. Jami Al-Ahmadi, M. Bakhshi, M. R. & Sayari, M. H. (2014). Comparison of fertilizer and poison input consumption in saffron and wheat production systems in Ghaenat city. Journal of Agriculture, Technology and Saffron, 2(3): 125-112. (In Persian).
- Zamani, O. Ghaderzadeh, H. & Mortazavi, S.A. (2014). Cropping Pattern System Respect to Sustainable Agriculture and Optimum Use of Energy; A case of Saqez County of Kurdistan Province. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 24 (1): 31-43. (In Persian).
_||_