رابطه بین حمل و نقل، رشد اقتصادی و محیطزیست درکشورهای منتخب منا
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی -پژوهشی تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزیمهسا کلانترزاده 1 , فاطمه زندی 2 , محمد خضری 3 , بیژن صفوی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکترای علوم اقتصادی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه اقتصاد، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار, حمل و نقل, انتشارCO2, کشورهای منا, سیستم معادلات هم‌زمان,
چکیده مقاله :
در روند حرکت جهانی به سوی توسعه پایدار توجه به آسیبهای زیستمحیطی ناشی از بخش انرژی، امری ضروری بشمار می‌رود. بخش انرژی، با وجود ایفای نقش اساسی در فرآیند توسعه اقتصادی موجب نشر آلایندههای گوناگون زیستمحیطی نیز میشود که بخش عمده گازهای آلاینده و گلخانهای منتشر شده در جهان به صورت گاز دیاکسیدکربن و ناشی از سوختهای فسیلی حاصل از گسترش توسعه صنعتی و حمل و نقل است. از سوی دیگر، گسترش بخش حمل و نقل از الزمات رشد اقتصادی است و بدون توسعه زیرساختهای بخش حمل و نقل، رشد مداوم و مستمر اقتصادی ممکن نیست. بنابراین، حمل و نقل یک عامل مهم و تأثیرگذار برای توسعه اقتصادی بشمار می‌رود و نقش آن در فعالیتهای تولیدی و مبادلات تجاری بین کشورها ضروری است. در این مطالعه، هدف بررسی ارتباط بین حمل و نقل، رشد اقتصادی و محیطزیست در کشورهای منتخب منا در دوره زمانی 2016-1996 با استفاده از سیستم معادلات هم‌زمان میباشد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که با وجود تأثیر مثبت محیطزیست بر رشد اقتصادی و حمل و نقل، آلودگی زیستمحیطی نیز در فرآیند رشد اقتصادی و حمل و نقل افزایش مییابد. هم‌چنین، با وجود تأثیر مثبت حمل و نقل بر رشد اقتصادی، رشد اقتصادی نیز حمل و نقل را افزایش میدهد. لذا، پیشنهاد میشود تأثیرات زیستمحیطی و اجتماعی حمل و نقل مورد توجه قرار گیرد. هم‌چنین،کشورها مجموعهای از ابزارهای اقتصادی، مالی، تنظیم مقررات نظارتی و تکنولوژیکی را برای کنترل عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی نظیر حمل و نقل، مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای آلاینده بکار گیرند.
In the process of global moving towards sustainable development, consideration of environmental damage caused by the energy sector is essential. Much of the world's pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is in the form of carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels as a result of expansion of industrial development and transportation. In this study, the relationship between transport, economic growth, and the environment in selected MENA countries over the period 1996-2016 using the Simultaneous Equations System is investigated. The results indicate that despite the positive effect of the environment on GDP growth and transportation, environmental pollution also increases in the process of economic growth and transportation. Also, despite the positive effect of the transportation on economic growth, economic growth increases transport.
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