بررسی ترکیبهای شیمیایی اسانس بومادران
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیک
کامکار جایمند
1
(موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور تهران)
محمدباقر رضایی
2
(موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور تهران)
معصومه مازندرانی
3
(گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان)
کلید واژه: بومادران, تقطیر با آب, ترپینولن, ترکیبهای شیمیایی اسانس, پارا سیمن,
چکیده مقاله :
گونه بومادران با نام علمی Achillea wilhelmsii C.Koch. در اوائل تیر ماه سال 1382 از 15 کیلومتری سمیرم به شهرضا در ارتفاع 2450 متر جمع آوری گردید. نمونه با روش تقطیر با آب اسانس گیری شد. بازده اسانس در گل 25/0 درصد و و در برگ 35/0 درصد بدست آمدند. سپس نمونه‌ها توسط دستگاههای کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه قرار گرفتند. ترکیبهای عمده در گل p - cymene (3/33 درصد)، terpinolene (2/11 درصد) و a-thujene (9/10 درصد) و در برگ p-cymene (5/31 درصد)، terpinolene (3/12 درصد) و a - thujene (1/7 درصد) بدست آمد. با توجه به اهمیت این گیاه در صنایع دارویی و تنوع گونه ای در آن، انتخاب بهترین شرایط با بازده بالای اسانس و ترکیبهای مهم از ضروریات است، که در این تحقیق لحاظ گردیده است.
The compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively.
آزادبخت، م. مرتضی سمنانی، ک. خوانساری، ن. (1382). بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس برگ و گل گیاه Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch ، فصلنامه گیاهان دارویی، سال دوم، شماره ششم، 59 – 55.
مظفریان، و. (1377). فرهنگ نامهای گیاهان ایران, چاپ فرهنگ معاصر, صفحه 12-11.
مظفریان، و. (1378). فلور خوزستان, جلد اول, ناشر مرکز تحقیقات منابع طبیعی و امور دام خوزستان, صفحه 78 – 77.
Aboutable. E.A, Soliman.F.M, El-Zalani,S.M, Brunke E.J. and El-kersh.T.A.El-kersh. (1986) essential oil of Echillea fragrantissima (Forssk). Sch Bip.Egypt j. phram sci.27:215-19
Afsharypuor, S.; Asgary,S. and Lockwood,G.B. 1996. Constituents of the essential oil of Achillea wilhelmsii from Iran., Planta Medica, 62(1), 77-78.
Asgary. S, Naderi, G.H, Sarrafzadegan. N, Mohammadifard. N, Mostafavi and Vakili.R. Antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effects of Achillea wilhelmsii.Drugs Exp.Clin. Res.26:8993(2000)
Baser. K.C, Demirci. B, Duman.H, Aytac.Z and Adlguzel, N. (2001)composition of the essential oil of Achillea goniocephala Boiss.et Bal.from Turkey.J.Essent.Oil. Res. 13:219-220
Cernaj, P.; Liptakova,H., Mohr,G.; Repeak,M. and Honcariv,R. 1983. Variability of the content and composition of essential oil during ontogensis of Achillea collina Becker. , Herb Hung., 22 , 21- 27.
Chandler,R.F.; Hooper, S.N. and Harvey,m.J. 1982. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of yarrow, Achillea millefolium , Compositae , Econ. Bot., 36, 203 – 223.
Clausen, J.; Keck, D.D. and Hiersey, W.M. 1948. “Experimental studies on the nature of species. III Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea. Carnegia Inst. Washington publ. Washington 581, pp.132.
Davies, N.W. 1998. Gas Chromatographic retention index of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl and carbowax 20 M phases., J.Chromatography , 503, 1-24.
Eglseer, K.; Jurenitsch, J.; Saukels, J.; Franz, Ch. And Kubelka, W. 1988. Vergleichende untersuchungen des atherischen Oles verschiedener sippen des Achillea millefolium Aggregats., Scientica Pharmaceutica, 56: 15.
Fleisher.Z and Fleisher. A. 1993). Volatiles of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. Aromatic plants of the Holy land and the Sinai.Part XI.J.Essent. Oil Res.5:211-214
Greger, H. ; Grenze, M. and Bohlmann, F. 1981. Polyacetylenic compounds , Part 260. Amides from Achillea species and leucocyclus formosus., Phytochemistry , 20, 2579 – 2581.
Hanlidou, E.; Kokkini,S. and Kokkalou,E. 1992. “Volatile constituents of Achillea abrotanoides in relation to their infragenetic variation”., Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 20, 33 – 40.
Hethelyi,E; Danos,B. and Tetenyi,P. 1988. “Investigation of the essential oils of the Achillea genus. 1. The essential oil composition of Achillea distans W. et K. Ex. Willd., Herba Hungarica, 27 : 35 – 42.
Hoffmann, L.; Fritz, D.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H. and Drawert, F. 1992. “Essential oil composition of three polyploids in the Achillea millefolium complex.”, Phytochemistry ,31, 33 – 40.
Imon, J.E.; Chadwick, A.F. and Craker, L.E. 1984 . Herbs : An indexed bibliography, 1971-1980 , pp. 101-102, Elsevier Sci., publ., Amsterdam.
Kurkcuoglu. M, Demirci.B, Tabanca. N, Ozek.T and Baser K. the essential oil of Achillea falcata L. flav.Frog.J.18:192-194(2003).
Mitich,L.W. 1990. Yarrow–The herb of Achilles. Weed Technol., 4, 451 – 453.
Motl, O.; Ochir,G. and Kubeczka,K.H. 1990. Composition of Achillea asiatica Serg. Essential oil., Flav. Fragr. J., 5, 153 – 155.
Mustafa. E, Abdalla. S., Abdalla, M.Abu zargar and Sabri, S (1992). Constituents of Achillea fragrantissima and effects of 13-o desacetly-1-beta- hydroxya fragratissima and effectd of 13-O- desacetyl-1-betahydroxyafraglaucolide on rate isolated smooth muscle. Fitoterapia 63:526-533
Sacco, T.; Nano,G.M. and Frattini,C. 1972. “Ricerche botaniche chimico – essenziere su alcune Achilee montane dell’ acro alpino centro – occidentale, Primo Contributo. Ess. Der. Agrum., 42, 316 – 324.
Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C. 1987. Chromatographic method, capillary gas chromatography in essential oil analysis.,Chapter 8, Retention indices in essential oil analysis, p.259-274.
Segal. R, Dor. A, Duddeck. H, Snatzke.G, Rosenbaum. D and kajtar. M. (1987). The sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea fragrantissima L.Achilloide A and B, two novel germacranolides. Tetra hedron 43:4125-4132
Stojaanovic, G.; Palic, R.; Naskovic, T.; Dokovic,D. and Milosavljevic. (2001). Volatile constituents of Achillea lingulata W.K.J.Essent. oi.13: 378-379
Twaij, H.A.A. 1983. Some pharmacological studies of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea micrantha M.B. , Fitoterapia , 54, 25 – 32.
Unlu.M, Daferera.D, Donmez.E, Polissiou.M, Tepe and Sokmen. A and Sokmen. B. (2002). Compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Achillea setacea and Achillea teretifolia (compositae). J.Ethnopharmacol. 83:117-121
Yusupov, M.I.; Kasymov, S.Z.; Abdullaev, N.D.; Sidyakin, G.P. and Yagudaev, M.R. (1977) New isorideniin lactone from Achillea biebersteinii., Khim. Prir. Soedin. 13, 800–802.
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آزادبخت، م. مرتضی سمنانی، ک. خوانساری، ن. (1382). بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس برگ و گل گیاه Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch ، فصلنامه گیاهان دارویی، سال دوم، شماره ششم، 59 – 55.
مظفریان، و. (1377). فرهنگ نامهای گیاهان ایران, چاپ فرهنگ معاصر, صفحه 12-11.
مظفریان، و. (1378). فلور خوزستان, جلد اول, ناشر مرکز تحقیقات منابع طبیعی و امور دام خوزستان, صفحه 78 – 77.
Aboutable. E.A, Soliman.F.M, El-Zalani,S.M, Brunke E.J. and El-kersh.T.A.El-kersh. (1986) essential oil of Echillea fragrantissima (Forssk). Sch Bip.Egypt j. phram sci.27:215-19
Afsharypuor, S.; Asgary,S. and Lockwood,G.B. 1996. Constituents of the essential oil of Achillea wilhelmsii from Iran., Planta Medica, 62(1), 77-78.
Asgary. S, Naderi, G.H, Sarrafzadegan. N, Mohammadifard. N, Mostafavi and Vakili.R. Antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effects of Achillea wilhelmsii.Drugs Exp.Clin. Res.26:8993(2000)
Baser. K.C, Demirci. B, Duman.H, Aytac.Z and Adlguzel, N. (2001)composition of the essential oil of Achillea goniocephala Boiss.et Bal.from Turkey.J.Essent.Oil. Res. 13:219-220
Cernaj, P.; Liptakova,H., Mohr,G.; Repeak,M. and Honcariv,R. 1983. Variability of the content and composition of essential oil during ontogensis of Achillea collina Becker. , Herb Hung., 22 , 21- 27.
Chandler,R.F.; Hooper, S.N. and Harvey,m.J. 1982. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of yarrow, Achillea millefolium , Compositae , Econ. Bot., 36, 203 – 223.
Clausen, J.; Keck, D.D. and Hiersey, W.M. 1948. “Experimental studies on the nature of species. III Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea. Carnegia Inst. Washington publ. Washington 581, pp.132.
Davies, N.W. 1998. Gas Chromatographic retention index of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl and carbowax 20 M phases., J.Chromatography , 503, 1-24.
Eglseer, K.; Jurenitsch, J.; Saukels, J.; Franz, Ch. And Kubelka, W. 1988. Vergleichende untersuchungen des atherischen Oles verschiedener sippen des Achillea millefolium Aggregats., Scientica Pharmaceutica, 56: 15.
Fleisher.Z and Fleisher. A. 1993). Volatiles of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. Aromatic plants of the Holy land and the Sinai.Part XI.J.Essent. Oil Res.5:211-214
Greger, H. ; Grenze, M. and Bohlmann, F. 1981. Polyacetylenic compounds , Part 260. Amides from Achillea species and leucocyclus formosus., Phytochemistry , 20, 2579 – 2581.
Hanlidou, E.; Kokkini,S. and Kokkalou,E. 1992. “Volatile constituents of Achillea abrotanoides in relation to their infragenetic variation”., Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 20, 33 – 40.
Hethelyi,E; Danos,B. and Tetenyi,P. 1988. “Investigation of the essential oils of the Achillea genus. 1. The essential oil composition of Achillea distans W. et K. Ex. Willd., Herba Hungarica, 27 : 35 – 42.
Hoffmann, L.; Fritz, D.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H. and Drawert, F. 1992. “Essential oil composition of three polyploids in the Achillea millefolium complex.”, Phytochemistry ,31, 33 – 40.
Imon, J.E.; Chadwick, A.F. and Craker, L.E. 1984 . Herbs : An indexed bibliography, 1971-1980 , pp. 101-102, Elsevier Sci., publ., Amsterdam.
Kurkcuoglu. M, Demirci.B, Tabanca. N, Ozek.T and Baser K. the essential oil of Achillea falcata L. flav.Frog.J.18:192-194(2003).
Mitich,L.W. 1990. Yarrow–The herb of Achilles. Weed Technol., 4, 451 – 453.
Motl, O.; Ochir,G. and Kubeczka,K.H. 1990. Composition of Achillea asiatica Serg. Essential oil., Flav. Fragr. J., 5, 153 – 155.
Mustafa. E, Abdalla. S., Abdalla, M.Abu zargar and Sabri, S (1992). Constituents of Achillea fragrantissima and effects of 13-o desacetly-1-beta- hydroxya fragratissima and effectd of 13-O- desacetyl-1-betahydroxyafraglaucolide on rate isolated smooth muscle. Fitoterapia 63:526-533
Sacco, T.; Nano,G.M. and Frattini,C. 1972. “Ricerche botaniche chimico – essenziere su alcune Achilee montane dell’ acro alpino centro – occidentale, Primo Contributo. Ess. Der. Agrum., 42, 316 – 324.
Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C. 1987. Chromatographic method, capillary gas chromatography in essential oil analysis.,Chapter 8, Retention indices in essential oil analysis, p.259-274.
Segal. R, Dor. A, Duddeck. H, Snatzke.G, Rosenbaum. D and kajtar. M. (1987). The sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea fragrantissima L.Achilloide A and B, two novel germacranolides. Tetra hedron 43:4125-4132
Stojaanovic, G.; Palic, R.; Naskovic, T.; Dokovic,D. and Milosavljevic. (2001). Volatile constituents of Achillea lingulata W.K.J.Essent. oi.13: 378-379
Twaij, H.A.A. 1983. Some pharmacological studies of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea micrantha M.B. , Fitoterapia , 54, 25 – 32.
Unlu.M, Daferera.D, Donmez.E, Polissiou.M, Tepe and Sokmen. A and Sokmen. B. (2002). Compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Achillea setacea and Achillea teretifolia (compositae). J.Ethnopharmacol. 83:117-121
Yusupov, M.I.; Kasymov, S.Z.; Abdullaev, N.D.; Sidyakin, G.P. and Yagudaev, M.R. (1977) New isorideniin lactone from Achillea biebersteinii., Khim. Prir. Soedin. 13, 800–802.