پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)به نانو کودها تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : تنشفرحان بشار تقي السالمي تقي السالمي 1 , نصرت اله عباسی 2 * , علی حاتمی 3 , فرشته دارابی 4 , نبیل رحیم لهمود 5
1 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
3 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام
4 - دانشگاه ایلام-گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
5 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه واسط عراق
کلید واژه: آسکوربات پراکسیداز, پرولین, کلروفیل, نانو کلات آهن, نانو کلات پتاسیم.,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایشی با هدف بررسی پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی گندم به نانو کودها تحت تنش خشکی به صورت اسپليت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوكهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقيقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه واسط عراق در سال زراعی 1403-1402 اجرا شد. تیمارهاي آزمایش شامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح (50 ،70 و100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و پرایمینگ بذر با نانو کودها در پنج سطح (نانو کود کلات پتاسیم، نانو کلات آهن، نانو کلات روی، ترکیبی از نانو کودها (نانو کلات پتاسیم+ نانو کلات آهن+ نانوکلات روی) و شاهد قرار گرفتند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در تنش خشکی (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) کاربرد نانو کود پتاسیم نسبت به شاهد (عدم پرایمینگ) سبب افزایش 5/33 درصدی محتوی نسبی آب برگ شد. در تیمار 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و کاربرد پرایمینگ بذر با نانو کودهای مخلوط (نانو پتاسیم+نانو اهن + نانو روی)، نانو روی، نانو آهن و نانو پتاسیم نسبت به عدم پرایمینگ (شاهد) به ترتیب مقدار کلروفیل a ، 75/35، 85/10، 36/3، 36 درصد، پرولین 8/39، 95/23، 37/18، 21/38 درصد و عملکرد دانه 39/31، 15/23، 61/7، 25/28 درصد افزایش داشت. بطور کلی در تنش خشکی (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) استفاده از پرایمینگ بذر با نانو کودهای مخلوط (نانو پتاسیم + نانو اهن + نانو روی) به دلیل افزایش سنتز رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی، پرولین و آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی بهترین تیمار در جهت کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی و افزایش عملکرد گندم است.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the physiological responses of wheat to nano-fertilizers under drought stress, using a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Iraq, during the 2023-2024 cropping season. The treatments consisted of drought stress at three levels (50%, 70%, and 100% of field capacity) and seed priming with nano-fertilizers at five levels (nano-chelated potassium, nano-chelated iron, nano-chelated zinc, a combination of nano-fertilizers [nano-chelated potassium + iron + zinc], and control [no priming]). The results demonstrated that seed priming with the combined nano-fertilizers improved physiological traits and mitigated drought stress across all stress levels. Antioxidant Enzymes: Compared to the control, priming with the combined nano-fertilizers, nano-zinc, nano-iron, and nano-potassium increased peroxidase activity by 47%, 19.69%, 30.26%, and 35.36%, catalase activity by 31.57%, 29.34%, 18.75%, and 30.85%, and ascorbate peroxidase activity by 44.44%, 37.5%, 28.57%, and 40.76%, respectively. Relative Water Content (RWC): Under 50% field capacity stress, nano-potassium application increased leaf RWC by 33.5% compared to the control. Chlorophyll a, Proline, and Grain Yield: At 50% field capacity, priming with the combined nano-fertilizers, nano-zinc, nano-iron, and nano-potassium increased chlorophyll a content by 35.75%, 10.85%, 3.36%, and 36%, proline content by 39.8%, 23.95%, 18.37%, and 38.21%, and grain yield by 31.39%, 23.15%, 7.61%, and 28.25%, respectively, compared to the control. Conclusion: Seed priming with the combined nano-fertilizers (nano-chelated potassium + iron + zinc) under 50% field capacity stress was the most effective treatment, enhancing photosynthetic pigments, proline synthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby reducing drought stress effects and improving wheat grain yield.
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