ارزیابی تحمل سرما و اثر ترکیبات ضد یخ در برخي ژنوتیپهای آلو و گوجه سبز (Prunus spp)
محورهای موضوعی : تنشمحیالدین پیرخضری 1 * , امیر عباس تقی زاده 2
1 - پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 - پژوهشگر، پژوهشکده میو‌های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
کلید واژه: آلو, گوجه سبز, محصولات ضدیخ, سرمای بهاره ,
چکیده مقاله :
آلو و گوجه از مهمترین میوه‌های تولیدی کشور هستند و اغلب بخشی از این محصول به دلیل سرمازدگی بهاره از بین می رود. تحقیق حاضر به منظور ارزیابی تحمل به سرما و اثر ترکیبات ضد یخ گیاهی در دو آزمایش مستقل در آزمایشگاه و شرایط باغ بر برخی ژنوتیپهای آلو و گوجه انجام شد. نمونه های شاخه بریده در مرحله تورم جوانه در فیتوترون با شبیه سازی 24 ساعته شرایط سرمازدگی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور ژنوتیپ (23 ژنوتیپ) و ترکیبات ضد یخ (پستافرت، تیوفر،آب مقطر، کراپ اید و گارد) بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام گردید. نتایج تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی و تجزیه خوشه‌ای مشخص كرد که هشت ژنوتیپ (کد 73، آلو تخم مرغی، سانتارزا، سنقر آبادی، سوسوری، شابلون شهریار، ابلنایا و بلک استار) بیشترین مقادیر مربوط به صفات میوه و درصد تشکیل میوه را در شرایط تنش سرمایی داشتند و شش ژنوتیپ (بخارا آبگوشتی، کد 17، رین کلود باوی، گوجه باغی، تابستانه قصر دشت و گوجه زردآلو قصر دشت) بیشترین درصد گل و مادگی سالم را داشتند و بعنوان ارقام متحمل معرفی می شوند. تجزیه‌های چند متغیره، ضدیخ پستافورد را به عنوان بهترین تیمار ضدیخ با اثر بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل و میوه و بيشترين مقادير مربوط به صفات میوه (وزن ميوه، طول ميوه، عرض ميوه، قطر ميوه و مواد جامد محلول كل)، درصد گل و مادگي سالم و کمترین میزان نشت یونی معرفی نمود و پس از آن ضد یخ های کراپ اید و گارد کارایی بهتری داشتند. تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد که بین نشت یون و گل های سالم (r = 0.61**)، و مادگی سالمr = 0.72 **) ) همبستگی منفی وجود دارد.
Plum and Prunes are one of the most important stone fruits produced in Iran and for many years, a great part of this product is lost due to late spring frost. The present research was performed to investigate the effect of some anti-freeze products in two independent experiments in laboratory and garden conditions in some commercial genotype of Plum and Prunes. A factorial experiment (23 genotypes and five anti-freezing treatments) was conducted based on complete randomized block design. In this study, frost condition was simulated for 24 h in phytotron and buds were treated for four hours at -3°C. Results of principal component and cluster analysis corroborated that eight genotypes (namely, code 73, alu tokhmehmorghi, santarosa, songor abadi, soosari, shablon shariar, ablenaya and black star) possessed the highest values related to fruit traits, fruit set, spour and flower density under frost stress and six genotypes (namely, bokhara abghoshti, code17, rin clud, gojeh baghi, tabestaneh ghasrdasht, gojeh zardalu ghasrdasht) retained the highest healthy flowers and pistils, being as the most cold tolerant genotypes. Moreover, multivariate analysis introduced Pestaford as the best anti-freezing product yielding the highest values for fruit weight, length, width, diameter, total soluble solids, healthy pistil and healthy flowers under frost condition and after that, Crop Aid and Guard antifreezes worked better. Correlation analysis showed
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