مطالعه اثر تیمارهای اسید آبسیزیک و اسید جاسمونیک بر صفات مورفو فیزیولوژیک ارقام گلرنگ تحت تیمارهای کم آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : تنش
1 - گروه کشاورزی ، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران
کلید واژه: درصد روغن, دوام سطح برگ, سرعت رشد محصول, شاخص سطح برگ, عملکرد روغن,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تیمارهای کم آبیاری و محلول پاشی با اسيد جاسمونیک و اسید آبسیزیک بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک رقم گلرنگ آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهرود طی دو سال 401-400 انجام شد. در این آزمایش سه سطح آبیاری (۱۰۰، ۷۰ و ۵۰ درصد نیاز آبیاری گلرنگ) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و سه رقم گلرنگ (گلدشت، فرامان و سینا) و محلول پاشی با سه سطح شامل (غلظت صفر، محلول پاشی با اسید جاسمونیک با غلظت 5/0 میلی مولار و محلول پاشی با اسید آبسیزیک با غلظت ۲۰ میلی مولار) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ(1/92 درصد) ، کلروفیلa (6/1 میلی گرم برگرم وزن تر برگ)،کلروفیل b (95/. میلی گرم برگرم وزن تر برگ)، شاخص سطح برگ (3/46)، عملکرد دانه (2325 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد روغن) 88/27 درصد( و عملکرد روغن )648 کیلوگرم در هکتار( مربوط به رقم سینا و تیمار آبیاری ۱۰۰ درصد نیاز آبیاری گلرنگ و کمترین میزان این صفات مربوط به رقم گلدشت و تیمار آبیاری ۵۰ درصد نیاز آبی گلرنگ بود. برهمکنش رقم × محلول پاشی و تنش كم آبیاری در محلول پاشی تنها بر عملکرد روغن و کلروفیل a معنی دار شد.محلول پاشی با اسید آبسیزیک نسبت به اسید جاسمونیک تاثیر بیشتری بر کلروفیل a داشت به طوریکه در تیمار با اسید آبسیزیک میزان کلروفیل a 67/1 و در تیمار با اسید جاسمونیک میزان کلروفیل a 63/1 شد. محلول پاشی با اسيد جاسمونیک و اسید آبسیزیک نیز موجب افزایش کلیه صفات در مقایسه با تیمار بدون محلول پاشی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت‌های موجود در بین رقم‌ها و همچنین تأثیر این محلول پاشی‌ها جهت افزایش میزان صفات مورد بررسي مي تواند در انتخاب رقم و ترکیبات مناسب جهت کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش بی به منظور دستیابی به افزایش تولید از آنها استفاده کرد.
In order to investigate the effect of low irrigation treatment and foliar application of abscisic and jasmonic acids on morphophysiological traits of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an experiment was set out in a split factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrod University Agricultural Research Station during the two years, i.e. 2020-2021. The main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation of 100%, 75% and 50% of the plant's water requirement of safflower and sub-factor including safflower genotypes including Sinai, Goldasht, Faraman and foliar application with three levels including (0 concentration, foliar application of jasmonic acid with 0.5 mM concentration and foliar application of Abscisic acid with 20 mM concentration. The results showed that the highest relative content of leaf water(92.1 percent) chloorophyll a (1.6 mg per gram of leaf fresh weight), chlorophyll b (0.956 mg per gram of leaf fresh weight), leaf area index (3.46), grain yield (2325 kg/ha) oil percentage (27.88 percent) and oil yield (648 kg/ha) orelated to Sina genotype and 100% of the plant's water requirement and the least of these traits were related to the goldasht genotype and 50% of the plant's water requirement. Also, the results of this study showed that the interaction effects of genotype× deficit irrigtion and genotype× foliar application were significant only on chlorophyll a and oil yield. Foliar application with abscisic acid compared to jasmonic acid had a greater effect on chlorophyll a so that in the treatment with absicsic acid the ammont of chloropyll a was 1.67 in the treatment with jasmonic acid ,the level of chlorophyll a wsa 1.63. Also, foliar application of Jasmonic and abscisic acids increased all traits compared to the non foliar application treatment. The results of this study showed that the differences between the genotypes and also effect of foliar application of jasmonic and abscisic acids to increase of these traits were important components that could be used to select genotypes and suitable compounds to reduce undesirable effects of water stress in order to achieve increased economic performance.
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