استراتژی توسعه شهرهای مرزی با رویکرد سیستمی؛ مطالعه موردی تایباد
محورهای موضوعی : جغرافیای سیاسیکاظم ذوقی بارانی 1 , مریم تک روستا 2 , ناصر نصیریان 3 , محمدرضا عرب 4
1 - استادیار، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران.
2 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.
3 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
4 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
کلید واژه: راهبرد, توسعه شهری, رویکرد سیستمی, تایباد, شهر مرزی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به اینکه مناطق مرزی دارای شرایط و ویژگی‌های خاص جغرافیایی-سیاسی هستند توجه به امر توسعه و آمایش این مناطق از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است.هدف: از این تحقیق ارائه راهبردهای توسعه شهری برای شهر مرزی تایباد است. این شهرستان به دلیل ویژگی‌های خاص ژئوپلیتیکی، پیوندهای فرهنگی با کشور افغانستان، دارا بودن جاذبه‌های طبیعی فرهنگی و .... می‌تواند در کانون تدوین برنامه‌های استراتژیک دولت مرکزی قرار گیرد. و همچنین بررسی استراتژی‌های توسعه شهری تایباد می‌باشد که می‌تواند برای برنامه ریزی و مدیریت مرزی به عنوان الگویی مد نظر قرار گیرد.روش تحقیق: بنابراین این تحقیق با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با استفاده از روش میدانی در صدد بررسی راهبردهای توسعه‌ای شهر تایباد است. جامعه آماری 6 متخصصین و خبرگان در حوزه مطالعات مرزی می‌باشند. برای آزمون مدل مفهومی تحقیق از روش دیمتل بهره گرفته شده است.یافته‌های تحقیق: براساس یافته‌های تحقیق متغیرهایی مانند گسترش نقش بخش خصوصی در سرمایه گذاری زیرساخت‌ها، توجه به برنامه ریزی بخشی، استراتژی انسجام منطقه‌ای، پیوند دادن سطح ملی به سطح محلی، گسترش مشارکت‌های خارجی، ایجاد یک صندوق توسعه در سطح شهر، کاهش فقر، تقویت مشارکت در دو سطح رسمی و غیر رسمی و ... در منطقه نشان‌دهنده تعامل بالا و ارتباط سیستمی قوی با سایر متغیرها هستند که نشان دهنده بیشترین میزان اهمیت در توسعه شهر مرزی تایباد می‌باشند.نتیجه گیری: بنابراین می‌توان بیان نمود که برای توسعه شهر مرزی تایباد باید استراتژی‌های توسعه‌ای و سطح پایین به بالا مد نظر قرار گیرد.
IntroductionWhat is considered in this article is to pay attention to the development strategies of the border city of Taybad. Due to its special geopolitical features and the existence of deep cultural and trade ties between Khorasan and Afghanistan and the best way for Central Asian countries to access the high seas through Iran (Bandar Abbas) and access to the market of 13 million Central Asian countries, this city has a position Is privileged. Unfortunately, the resources and potentials of this region, especially the various functions of the border, have not been used properly and optimally, and also the limitations and solutions to address them have not been identified. Therefore, in this research, we seek to find urban development strategies appropriate to the conditions and situation of this border city, so that we can overcome the problems in this city by formulating effective strategies on urban development. In addition to maintaining the political, economic and cultural ties of the border region with the whole country, the considered strategies should be able to provide more freedom to the residents of this border region so that they can enjoy a greater share in the development and progress of central government programs. . Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the development strategies of the border city in the city of Taybad. So the main question of this research is what are the most important factors shaping the development strategy of border cities in Taybad?Research MethodsThe research method is documentary, analytical and survey. Based on the main topic of the research (Urban Development Strategies: Taybad) while reviewing the characteristics of urban development, the data obtained from theoretical studies and research, development and executive plans and documented reports of relevant organizations were reviewed and Basic information was collected and classified. Due to the fact that urban development is a systemic and integrated concept, Demethel technique was used to determine the cause and effect relationships between urban development variables. The purpose of the Demetel technique is to identify the pattern of causal relationships between a set of criteria. This technique scores the intensity of communication in a scoring manner, explores their critical feedback, and accepts non-transferable relationships. The basis of the Demethel method is based on the assumption that a system consists of a set of criteria {C = {c1, c2,… cn and the pairwise comparison of the relations between them can be modeled by mathematical equations. This technique is for constructing and analyzing structural models related to complex causal relationships between the factors of an issue. For this purpose, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was provided to 28 researchers in the fields of urban and political geography, political science and urban management. Field FindingsThe Dimtel technique was introduced by Fontal Gabos in 1971 and is one of the decision-making methods based on pairwise comparisons, the results of which will be obtained by referring to the elite. This technique is used in extracting systemic factors and systematic structuring. Since graphs well show the relationships of elements with a system, so this technique is based on graphs that can divide the factors involved into two groups of cause and effect and the relationship between them as Brought an understandable structural model. The researchers selected for this part of the study included six experts in geography and geopolitics. Border management was assessed based on 26 criteria and indicators according to Table (1). 28 experts were used to examine the criteria. Variables such as expanding the role of the private sector in infrastructure investment, attention to sector planning, regional cohesion strategy, linking the national to the local level, expanding foreign partnerships, establishing a city-level development fund, reducing poverty, Strengthening participation at both formal and informal levels in the region shows high interaction and strong systemic relationship with other variables. On the other hand, as can be seen, the vertical vector (J - R) shows the influence of each factor. Expanding the role of the private sector in investing infrastructure, creating a development fund at the city level, strengthening participation at both formal and informal levels, paying attention to social capital in border areas, creating new business areas, building capacity for officials, Education, transparency and accountability in border areas, etc. are the reasons for this system model. And factors such as paying attention to sectoral planning, linking the national level to the local level, creating a development fund at the city level, creating a border city landscape, establishing gender equality, tourism development strategy, etc. are shown as disabilities. In general, if J - R is positive, the variable is a causal variable, and if it is negative, it is a disability.ConclusionPlanning related to the development of border cities is very important. Because it is considered as an important and effective factor to improve the relationship between human beings, land and human activities. In the meantime, the border areas of Iran, especially the eastern borders of the country, face special features such as smoothness, proximity to Afghanistan's tense neighbors, smuggling of goods and drugs, population instability, cultural and social problems, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the development in this region and formulate appropriate strategies with the existing conditions. Examination of library and field data and reference to experts' opinions show that variables are of great importance in the development of border cities. These variables were studied in 3 general strategies including socio-cultural, economic and political-government strategies with 26 general indicators. Findings showed that among these variables, the expansion of the role of the private sector in infrastructure investment (9.4644), attention to sectoral planning (9.1558), regional cohesion strategy (9.0245), Linking the national level to the local level (9.0078) has the most importance and variables such as paying attention to housing policies in border urban areas (5.5239), border city landscape (6.3666), institutionalization and professionalization of urban staff (6.8346) , Neighborhood-based management (6.9111) have the least importance. Therefore, it can be seen that the economic and investment index in this border city is considered as one of the important and influential factors on the development of the city. May be considered in the formulation of high-level policies and strategies by government officials and politicians. Very placed. Because economic development in this city can be directly related to the security of the eastern border areas of the country.
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