مقایسه تغییرات بیان ژن رزیستین در تارهای عضلانی تند انقباض و کند انقباض متعاقب تمرینات استقامتی،مقاومتی و ترکیبی در موش های نر نژاد ویستار
محورهای موضوعی : فیزیولوژی تمرین و آسیب های ورزشیFatemeh Haji Ghorbanizadeh 1 *
1 - Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
کلید واژه: رزیستین, تمرین استقامتی, تمرین مقاومتی, تمرین ترکیبی, تار عضلانی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده
مقدمه:
رزیستین یکی از آدیپوکاین‌های مهم است که در بافت‌های مختلف بدن بیان می‌شود و نقش کلیدی در تنظیم متابولیسم گلوکز و لیپید ایفا می‌کند. با توجه به تأثیر فعالیت‌های ورزشی بر مسیرهای مولکولی مرتبط با هموستاز انرژی، هدف این مطالعه بررسی و مقایسه اثرات سه نوع تمرین ورزشی شامل تمرینات استقامتی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی بر سطح بیان ژن رزیستین در فیبرهای عضلانی تند‌انقباض و کند‌انقباض در رت‌های نر ویستار بود.
مواد و روش‌ها:
در این مطالعه تجربی، ۴۰ رت نر بالغ و سالم از نژاد ویستار به‌صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه مساوی (هر گروه ۱۰ رت) تقسیم شدند: گروه کنترل، گروه تمرین استقامتی، گروه تمرین مقاومتی و گروه تمرین ترکیبی. هر گروه به مدت هشت هفته پروتکل تمرینی خاص خود را انجام دادند. پس از پایان دوره تمرینی، نمونه‌هایی از عضلات تند‌انقباض و کند‌انقباض جمع‌آوری شد و سطح بیان ژن رزیستین با استفاده از روش واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز در زمان واقعی (Real-Time PCR) اندازه‌گیری گردید. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس دوطرفه. (Two-way ANOVA) و آزمون‌های تعقیبی مناسب تحلیل شدند
یافته‌ها:
نتایج نشان داد که هر سه نوع تمرین ورزشی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار در سطح بیان ژن رزیستین نسبت به گروه کنترل شدند (P<0.001). همچنین، تفاوت‌های معنی‌داری بین گروه‌های تمرینی مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که تمرین ترکیبی بیشترین کاهش را در بیان ژن رزیستین ایجاد کرد، به‌ویژه در فیبرهای کند‌انقباض، که این کاهش نسبت به تمرینات استقامتی و مقاومتی چشمگیرتر بود. (P<0.001)
نتیجه‌گیری:
تمرینات استقامتی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی همگی در کاهش بیان ژن رزیستین در عضلات اسکلتی مؤثر بودند. با این حال، تمرین ترکیبی اثرگذاری بیشتری داشت، به‌خصوص در فیبرهای کند‌انقباض، که نشان‌دهنده پتانسیل بالای این نوع تمرین در تنظیم ژن‌های مرتبط با متابولیسم و بهبود وضعیت متابولیکی بدن است. این یافته‌ها می‌توانند در طراحی برنامه‌های ورزشی برای بهبود سلامت متابولیکی و پیشگیری از بیماری‌های مرتبط با اختلالات متابولیکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
Abstract
Background:
Resistin is an adipokine expressed in various tissues and plays a pivotal role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Its expression is closely linked to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Given the known impact of physical activity on molecular pathways involved in energy homeostasis, this study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of endurance, resistance, and combined training on resistin gene expression in fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers of male Wistar rats.
Methods:
This experimental study was conducted on forty healthy adult male Wistar rats, randomly divided into four equal groups (n=10 per group): control, endurance training, resistance training, and combined training. Each group underwent its respective exercise protocol for eight weeks. Endurance training consisted of treadmill running, resistance training involved ladder climbing with weights, and combined training integrated both modalities. At the end of the intervention period, samples from fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles were collected. Resistin gene expression levels were measured using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Real-Time PCR). Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by appropriate post-hoc tests to determine significant differences.
Results:
The results demonstrated that all exercise protocols significantly reduced resistin gene expression compared to the control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, significant differences were observed among the exercise groups. Notably, the combined training group exhibited the most substantial decrease in resistin gene expression, particularly in slow-twitch muscle fibers, when compared to the endurance and resistance training groups (P<0.001). These findings suggest a differential response of muscle fiber types to various exercise modalities.
Conclusion:
Endurance, resistance, and combined training protocols are effective in downregulating resistin gene expression in skeletal muscles, indicating their potential role in improving metabolic health. Among these, combined training showed the most pronounced effect, especially in slow-twitch fibers, highlighting its superior efficacy in modulating genes associated with energy metabolism. These results underscore the importance of incorporating diverse exercise strategies to optimize molecular adaptations and potentially reduce the risk of metabolic diseases.
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