An Analysis on Slide Trenches of the Railway and Stabilization with Slope Change, Retaining Structure and Rock shed Methods and Reducing Destruction of Agricultural Lands and Orchards

Subject Areas : Agriculture Marketing and Commercialization

Mohammad Reza Zare ¹

1 - Department of Civil Engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran,

Received: 2021-06-27 Accepted : 2021-06-27 Published : 2021-12-01

Keywords: Stabilization, Agricultural lands, Railway, Reducing Destruction, Slope change, Trench,

Abstract :

Safety in the ways especially in mountain regions is highly important. Ground instability especially in the sloped hillsides can cause many risks. Running of trenches is one of the unpleasant consequences in the unstable grounds which usually occur in the marl lands, weathered stones, and non-condensing sedimentary layers. These landslides can occur during road making or using and applying the projects. There are several ways for stabilization of steep slopes that usually one or more are used given to the factors causing instability and environmental conditions and geology of the slopes and economic issues and ease of implementation to stabilize unstable trenches. Since the track of railway projects may pass through agricultural lands and orchards and slide of trenches may cause redirection or the variant that this redirection usually causes destruction of the agricultural lands and orchards and leads to irreversible damage in this area then, it is tried in this study to analyze influential factors on regional instability in the country emphasizing railway projects. Data analyzed included factors such as lithology, the presence of weak surfaces and weak intercalated marlstone layers, gravity and slope changes at the hillsides, loading and total weight of the hillside materials, material and granulation of the material and their thickness, water from rainfall, vegetation, topographic status and alignment of layering slope and topographic slope, hillside direction, land use. Then, methods for stabilization were proposed. Stabilization methods in this study include changing slopes in the trenches, creating maintaining structures such as retaining walls of the trenches, and making rock shed or artificial tunnels.

References:

• Mohammadi A. & Najafabadi MO. & Poursaeed A. (2021), The Impacts of Livelihood Capitals on Improving the Sustainable Livelihood in Rural Communities with a Rural Cooperative Approach, Agricultural marketing and commercialization Journal, 5(1): 20-31.


• Khosro Tehrani K. (1998), Stratigraphy of Iran’s formation sections- Tehran University, 2: 15-195.


• Darvishzade A. (1991), Geology of Iran- Danesh-e- Emrouz publication, 1: 116-122.


• Mirzai N. (2002), Basic Parameters of Iran’s earthquakes- Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, 2: 26-39.


• Farmanian M. (1992), Stone Mechanic-Yazd University, 1: 48-59.


• Motie H. (1993), Geology of Iran- Compilation plan of Iranian Geology textbook, 1: 66-75.


• Hashemi Tabatabi S. & Mohamadi A. (2011), Soil Classification Using Shear Wave Velocity in Shiraz City Based on Building Codes, Journal of Earth Sciences, 21(8): 215-222.


• Danesh M. (1995), Stone Mechanic, Steel Industry Publishing Center, 1: 17-29.


• Jeager C. (2018), Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2: 39-51.


• Mahmoud M. & Al-Hamouli Heba S. & Yassen Faiza A. (2021), Factor analysis of factors affecting the success of the performance of board members of rural, manufacturing, and agricultural cooperatives (Idmo city), Agricultural marketing and commercialization Journal, 5(1): 138-152.


• Safari Kamal Abadi H. (2020), 'The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nutrient Concentrations in Ohadi (Fandoghi) and Kalleghouchi Pistachio Seedlings in Kerman Region', Agricultural Marketing and Commercialization Journal, 4(2): 1-7.


• Zussman H. (2016), An Introduction to the Rock forming Minerals, 1: 13-18.


• Salehi M. & Safa Mehr M. & Nasri M. & Bour H. (2017), The Effect of landslide on road safety and rural regions in Iran and strategies for their stabilization- Housing and rural environment, 158(1): 79-87.


• Hook B. (1997), “underground structures at stone” translated by Dr. Ahmad Fahimifar, Publisher: Soil Technical and Mechanical Laboratory of the Ministry of Roads and Transportation Earthquake distribution map of Iran- Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran Geological map of Shiraz- Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran National Geoscience Database of Iran, 2: 90-103.


• Hock E. & Brown E. (1980), Undergound Excavations In Rocks, 2: 68-80.