تعیین صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ های گندم نان در شرایط تنش و بدون تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

بابک هوشمندی ¹

1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشدگروه اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز تبریز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/07/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/11/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1393/11/01

کلید واژه: تجزیه علیت, رگرسیون گام به گام, همبستگی, تنش آبی, گندم معمولی,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور تعیین صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، 15 ژنوتیپ گندم نان به صورت دو آزمایش جداگانه در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز طی سال زراعی 92-1391 بررسی شدند. در این تحقیق ارقام در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در این آزمایش همه صفات مورد بررسی معنی دار بودند و بین ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه از نظر صفات مورد ارزیابی در هر دو شرایط آزمایشی تنوع فراوانی وجود داشت. عملکرد دانه در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش به ترتیب 8/2 و 23/2 تن در هکتار بود و بیشترین تأثیرپذیری را از شرایط تنش خشکی داشت. ضرایب همبستگی بین عملکرد دانه با عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت در هر دو شرایط آزمایشی مثبت و معنی دار بود و همچنین عملکرد دانه در شرایط بدون تنش با تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله و در شرایط تنش با طول سنبله از همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری برخوردار بود. طبق نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام در شرایط بدون تنش، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله به تنهایی بیش از 40% از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را تبیین نمود. به طور کلی، در شرایط بدون تنش تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله و در شرایط تنش، طول سنبله، ارتفاع بوته و زمان گرده افشانی به عنوان مؤثرترین صفات روی عملکرد دانه بوده و تغییرات عملکرد را توجیه می نمایند و همچنین ژنوتیپ شماره 14 در هر دو شرایط آزمایشی عملکرد بالاتری نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ ها داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To determine effective factors on grain yield under drought stress and non stress conditions at the end of the season, 15 bread wheat genotypes were examined as two separated experiments in Research Center of Faculty of Agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch during 2012-2013. The cultivars were compared based on completely random block design with three replications. All studied traits were significant and there was frequent diversity among studied genotypes in the studied traits in both experimental conditions. The grain yield under non stress and stress conditions were 2.8 and 2.23 ha, respectively and drought stress had the most effect. The correlation coefficients among grain yield, biologic yield and harvest index were positive and significant in both experimental conditions and also grain yield under without stress showed a positive and significant correlation with number of spikelets per spike under stress conditions with spike length. According to stepwise regression under without stress conditions, number of spikelets per spike determined 40% of the grain yield changes. Also, in non stress conditions number of spikelets per spike and in stress condition spike length, plant height and pollination were most effective on grain yield and justified variation in grain yield and also genotype 14 showed higher yield relative to other genotypes in both experimental conditions.

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