هدف:هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تمرینات مقاومتی ایزوتونیک بر منتخبی از شاخص‌های سیستم ایمنی دانشجویان دختر ورزشکار بود. روش:20 دانشجوی دختر ورزشکار رشته تنیس روی میز سالم (سن: 2± 3/22سال؛ شاخص توده بدنی: 35/1± 41/22کیلوگرم بر متر مربع) به شکل تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین مقاومتی (10=n) و کنترل (10=n) تقسیم شدند. از همه آزمودنی‌ها سنجش آمادگی جسمانی به‌ عمل آمد و میزان 1RM آزمودنی ها قبل، میان دوره و در انتهای دوره تمرین محاسبه شد. 48 ساعت پیش از اولین جلسه فعالیت ورزشی انجام شد. سپس آزمودنی‌های گروه تجربی تمرینات مقاومتی را به صورت ایستگاهی، 3 روز در هفته و به مدت 8 هفته اجرا نمودند. برنامه تمرینی با درصد مشخصی از حداکثر تکرار بیشینه (80%،85%%،90%،95 %) به صورت فزاینده به انجام رسید. 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرینی، از آزمودنی‌ها نمونه خونی گرفته شد. مقادیر اینترلوکین 6 با روش الآیزا و آزمایش شمارش سلول‌های خونی(گلبول های سفید،لنفوسیت ها،مونوسیت ها،گرانولوسیت ها) انجام شد. به منظور تعیین طبیعی بودن توزیع داده‌ها، از آزمون کولموگروف–اسمیرنوف استفاده شد (P>0.05). سپس از آزمون tمستقل و t زوجی به ترتیب برای بررسی تغییرات احتمالی بیرون و درون گروهی، در قبل و بعد از دوره تمرین استفاده شد (P<0.05).یافته ها: کاهش معنی‌داری (0.006=P) در سطوح استراحتی اینترلوکین 6 دیده شد. هم چنین کاهش معنی‌داری(0.041=P) در تعداد گلبول‌های سفید خون پس از هشت هفته تمرین مقاومتی ایزوتونیک مشاهده شد.نتیجه گیری: تمرینات ورزشی مقاومتی ایزوتونیک می‌تواند عاملی مهم در کاهش التهاب سیستماتیک و اینترلوکین 6 باشد که از سازگاری‌های مفید حاصل از این گونه تمرینات می‌باشد. تفاصيل المقالة

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Introduction: Extensive evidence has shown that high intensity exercise triggers blood coagulation and improves blood fibrinolysis levels. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the response of coagulation, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors of hypertensive cardiovascular patients to one bout submaximal endurance exercise (OBSEE). Methods: Out of 70 men with high blood pressure, 20 men were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into two equal groups: an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). First, both groups performed OBSEE. After that, the EG performed 12 weeks of HIIT. At the end, again, both groups performed OBSEE. Blood sampling was performed just before and immediately after each session of exercise. Dependent variables were categorized into three groups including 1. Coagulation: fibrinogen(FIB), factor VIII(FVIII), prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin time activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) 2. Anticoagulation: protein C (PC), antithrombinIII (ATIII) 3. Fibrinolytic: d-dimer (D-D), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor1 (PAI-I), tPA/PAI-1. To analyze the data, Shapiro- Wilk test, Factorial repeated measures ANOVA, as well as Pearson correlation coefficient were used at significant level (P ≤ 0.05). Results: HIIT caused significant increase in the rate of Vo2max (p = 0.001) and significant decrease in RHR (p = 0.001), SBP (p = 0.001) and DBP (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the response of FIB (p = 0.262), FVIII (p = 0.248), PT (p = 0.396), PTA (p = 0.646), INR (p = 0.408), aPTT (p = 0.856), PLT (p = 0.678), MPV (p = 0.223), D-D (p = 0.621), tPA (p = 0.381), PAI-1 (p = 0.353), tPA / PAI-1 (p = 0.069), PC (p = 0.147) and ATIII (p = 0.138) to OBSEE after 12 weeks HIIT. Conclusion: It seems that to observation of significant positive changes in the response of coagulation, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic factors to one OBSEE, more than 12 weeks HIIT are required. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that has a close relationship with increased physical disabilities and muscle tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval and continued trainings with crocin consumption on Bcl-2, Bax and P53 gene expression of heart tissue in high-fat diet- and streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 49 adult high-fat diet- and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were selected and randomly assigned to 7 groups (1) high intensity interval training (HIIT) (2) low intensity continued training (LICT) (3) HIIT with crocin consumption, (4) LICT with crocin consumption, (5) crocin consumption, (6) sham and (7) control. HIIT and LICT groups ran the treadmill for eight weeks, three sessions per week with intensity 80- 85 and 50- 55 percent of maximum running speed, respectively, and crocin consumption groups received crocin 25 mg/kg per week for eight weeks. To analyze the research findings, paired sample t-test, two- way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test were used (p≤0.05). Results: Eight weeks of HIIT and LICT had significant effect on reduction of Bax gene expression in heart tissue of diabetic rats (p≤0.05), and HIIT had significant effect on reduction of P53 gene expression in heart tissue of diabetic rats (p≤0.05), crocin consumption had significant effect on reduction of P53 gene expression in heart tissue of diabetic rats (p≤0.05), endurance training with crocin consumption had interaction effect on increase of Bcl-2 gene expression and reduction of P53 gene expression in heart tissue of diabetic rats (p≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems that interval and continued with crocin consumption in high- fat diet- and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats have interaction anti-apoptotic effects. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: Dust has become one of the serious problems of people, and (more) especially in the cities of western and southwestern Iran. Despite the importance of the issue of dust, little has been done on this phenomenon, and there are many questions about many aspects of this phenomenon. This study sought to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise in dust -filled air and compare it with clean air on non-athletic overweight male using pulmonary function indicators. Methods: Of the eligible candidates, 30 persons were selected in a targeted and accessible manner. The subjects were given two separate days in the clean and dusty air at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Sousangerd to perform a daily treadmill incremental aerobic exercise session. A spirometry test was used to determine the pulmonary function indicators before and after an incremental exercise test session in both days of clean air and high dust (with similar humidity and temperature). For statistical analysis of data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and paired sample t test (p≤0.05) were used. Results: Paired sample t test for changes in both airs indicated that there was significant difference in changes of FEV1 (p=0.004) and MVV (p=0.004) after incremental aerobic exercise between clean and dusty airs, nevertheless there were no significant difference in changes of FVC (p=0.27), FEV1/FVC (p=0.50) and VC (p=0.16) after incremental aerobic exercise between clean and dusty airs. Conclusion: One session of incremental aerobic exercise in dusty air is associated with decreasing pulmonary function indicators and decreasing pulmonary function capacity. تفاصيل المقالة

Introduction: Hypertension is considered as a major risk factor for thrombotic events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one bout submaximal endurance exercise on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in patients with hypertension. Methods: 20 subjects were randomly selected out of 70 adult males with hypertension (Mean ± SD; age: 60.25±4.59 yr, body mass index (BMI): 29.57± 3.68 kg/m2, body fat percentage (BFP): 20.25± 5.31%, maximal oxygen uptake34.83±2.11ml/kg/min, systolic blood pressure(SBP): 147.20±
6.43 mm Hg,diastolic blood pressure(DBP): 94.40±3.70 mm Hg). The participants carried out one bout submaximal endurance running for 30 minutes within 60 to 65% of maximal heart rate reserve (MHRR). Blood samples were immediately taken before and after exercise. Dependent variables were categorized into three groups including 1.Coagulation: fibrinogen (FIB), factor VIII (FVIII), prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin time activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT), platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) 2. Anticoagulation: protein C (PC), antithrombinIII (ATIII) 3. Fibrinolytic: d-dimer (D-D), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor1 (PAI-I), tPA/PAI-1. For normalizing research data Shapiro- Wilk test was used. Data analysis was done by paired samples t-test at a significant level of (P≤0.05). Testing of the considered assumptions was carried out by SPSS software version 19. Results: Paired sample t-test showed a significant reduction in aPTT (P=0.001), tPA (P=0.001), tPA/PAI-1(P=0.014), PV (P=0.001) and a significant increase in FIB (P=0.001), FVIII (P=0.001), PLT (P==0.001), MPV (P=0.001), PC (P=0.001) and ATIII (P=0.001) levels. There was no significant change in PT (P=0.068), PTA (P=0.156), INR (P=0.060) and D-D (P=0.436)levels. Considering the volume of plasma, no significant changes in FIB were observed (P=0.814). Conclusion: It seems that submaximal endurance exercise activates the anticoagulation system which can overcome thrombotic conditions. تفاصيل المقالة