Three separate experiments were conducted to investigate the interplay between three phytohormones and sucrose for the change of flower color composition and the plant secondary metabolites in Tulipa. The variations of the physiological and morphological characteristics, with ABA at 5 and 10 mg/L (as experiment one), GA3 at 300 ‎and 500 mg/L ‎‎(as experiment two), 50 and 100 µM of JA (as experiment three) and their interactions with sucrose at 1 and 2 g/L were analyzed. By reviewing the HPLC charts and UV-Vis spectra, it was found that the production of plant secondary metabolites, total flavonoids, and anthocyanins composition pigments was influenced by the foliar application of the plant hormones. The sucrose alone had no significant effect on the quantification of different phytochemicals, but the interaction with JA and ABA showed a considerable variation in the anthocyanin accumulation and total flavonoids. Both JA and ABA hormones, in spite of enhanced anthocyanin accumulation and increased cyanidin and pelargonidin pigment percentage, were associated with reduced vegetative growth parameters as well as vase life, compared to the control plants. However, GA3 at 500 mg/L without sucrose played a key role in the accumulation of anthocyanin, postharvest performance, and the increase in the three major anthocyanin pigments. Moreover, the data provided evidence of interference between the sucrose and GA3 in the regulation of the anthocyanin accumulation. تفاصيل المقالة

In order to evaluation of mitigation effect on salinity stress on the morphological and biochemical properties of ornamental marigold plant (Tagetes erecta L. Nana), an experimental was carried out in factorial arrangement base on randomized complete block design in three replications at Khorasan Razavi Agriculture Research and Education Center in 2018. The first factor was four salinities (0, 4, 8, 12 dS m-1) and the second factor was potassium silicate (PS) at three levels (0, 100 and 150 ppm). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained at zero salinity with application 100 ppm PS. The highest shoot dry weight was recorded at salinity of 8 dS m-1 with 150 ppm PS. The highest amount of leaf potassium was observed at salinity of 12 dS m-1 with using of 100 ppm PS and the highest amount of root potassium was obtained at 4 dS m-1 salinity treatment with 100 ppm PS. The results was also showed that in marigold plant at high salinity (more than 8 dS m-1), potassium silicate composition could not have a favorable effect on plant growth. The use of PS in salinity of 12 dS m-1 was able to reduce the concentration of sodium in leaf tissues and increase the amount of potassium, although the amount of potassium increase was higher in low salinities. In general, the use of potassium silicate can be considered as a supplement in plant nutrition at low salinities. تفاصيل المقالة

Studies of physiological diversity and its effect on the expression of traits in plants are used in breeding programs as a selective tool with the aim of selecting special attributes for creating a new product. In this study, the correlation coefficients among 17 horticultural traits of 34 genotypes from 11 different places of Semnan province were examined. A significant positive correlation was observed between fruit weight and kernel weight, susceptibility to blight and leaf abscission, leafing date and female flower emergence and between kernel percentage, kernel weight and kernel plumpness. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation existed between harvest time and tree vigor, fruit shape and fruit weight and kernel percentage with shell thickness. The most important characteristics that had a direct impact on kernel percentage were shell thickness and kernel plumpness. The attributes that were effective on fruit ripening were tree form, catkin emergence time and shell thickness. However, the residual effects suggested that there might be other important determinant traits for harvest date, which were not considered in this study. تفاصيل المقالة