The current study aimed at investigating the impact of Personal Response System (PRS) on Iranian EFL learners’ English language performance, class communication, and comfort level. To this purpose, a mixed methods design was used. The participants comprised 60 male-female Iranian grade eight junior students studying at Bahonar secondary school, Kazeroon, Iran. They were selected through convenient sampling method from two intact classes and divided into two experimental and control groups. The needed data was collected using the following instruments: Oxford Placement Test (OPT), Preliminary English Test (PET), Observation Checklist, and PRS. The two groups of the participants attended twelve English class sessions of the high school once a week. The only difference between the two groups was that during the class sessions, the experimental group attended PRS. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and qualitative content analysis of the observation data. The results showed that PRS had a statistically significant impact on English language performance, class communication, and comfort level of Iranian EFL learners. Accordingly, EFL teachers are recommended to use this tool in an attempt to enhance EFL learners' general English language performance. تفاصيل المقالة

This research aimed at evaluating the types and frequency of category shifts in the Persian translations of English poems based on Catford’s model of shifts. To this end, three English romantic poems of A Histo- ry of English Literature, namely, Blake’s ‘The Chimney Sweeper’, Coleridge’s ‘Kubla Khan’, and Keats’ ‘To Autumn’ along with their Persian translations by Abjadian were investigated in detail and instances of shifts in the words, phrases, and clauses were discovered and analyzed to see whether Abjadian has incorporated category shifts in his translation, what kinds of category shift are made, and how frequently shifts are used in literary translation. The findings of the research demonstrated that shifts are inevitable as a result of the different nature of languages and variations that exist among them, and in order to render an exact and faithful translation of poetry from English to Persian, shifts are indispensable; in addition, while all types of category shifts were used in the studied poems, structural shifts and class shifts proved to be the most and the least frequent shifts, while intra-system and unit shifts in translation were in the second and third ranks, respectively. تفاصيل المقالة

The present study aimed at finding Catford‟s category shifts applied in the Persian translation of Charles Dickens‟ novel Great Expectations to determine the most frequently used category shift and to check whether there is a significant difference between category shifts in the translation. To this end, 200 simple declarative sentences from the first 20 chapters of the novel (10 sentences from each chapter) and their Per- sian translations by Fateme Amini were chosen. Then, types of category shift according to Catford‟s shift model were found and the frequency and percentage of each category was calculated. Finally, a chi-square test for the goodness of fit was administered to investigate the possibility of the existence of significant dif- ference between the applied category shifts in the translation. The results revealed that while all Catford‟s category shifts (i.e. structure, unit, intra-system, and class shift) were applied in translation, structure shift was the most frequent observed shift (102 cases out of 211 total cases, i.e., 48.34 percent) in the translation. Also, the difference between the used category shifts in the translation was not statistically significant. تفاصيل المقالة

This study aimed at investigating transposition in English translations of Gulistan of Saadi. To this aim, a mixed methods design was utilized. The corpus of this study consisted of 20 poems and 20 proses along with their English translations by Thackston (2008) and Rehatsek (2010). To collect the data, first, the researcher and an experienced translator explored the translations carefully to identify the cases of trans- position. Then, the identified cases of transposition were categorized based on Whittlesey’s (2012) framework. Next, the frequency and percentage of different types of transposition were calculated. Final- ly, chi-square test was run to investigate the difference between the two translations in terms of transpos- ing form and content. The results of data analysis showed 10 and 14 cases of transposing the form in the translations by Rehatsek and Thackston, respectively. The content has been modified in 30 cases of translation by Rehatsek and in 26 cases of translation by Thackston. Thackston revealed more transpositions of form while Rehatsek revealed more transpositions of content in English translations of Gulistan of Saadi. There was no significant difference between the two translations in terms of transposing form and content. تفاصيل المقالة