Analysis and Simulation of Load Frequency Control in Power System with Reheater Steam Turbine
الموضوعات :
Mehdi Riahinasab
1
,
Neda Behzadfar
2
,
Homa Movahednejad
3
1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
2 - Smart Microgrid Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
3 - Department of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
تاريخ الإرسال : 28 الجمعة , محرم, 1444
تاريخ التأكيد : 11 الأربعاء , صفر, 1444
تاريخ الإصدار : 02 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1443
الکلمات المفتاحية:
Load frequency control,
state space,
two-area power system,
reheater,
ملخص المقالة :
Power systems are a complex system, which to control them in steady state, different control loops are needed. Load changes affect the frequency of electrical networks. Frequency stabilization (FS) is very important due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems. The main task of load frequency control is to keep the system frequency according to the specified nominal value and to maintain the correct amount of exchange power between the control areas. In this paper, load frequency control (LFC) in single-area power system (SIPS) is studied and simulated. Each area has a steam generating unit with a reheat steam turbine. The system equations are expressed in the state space and the system model is determined based on the transfer function. The simulation results have been obtained using Matlab software. The simulation results show the effect of reheater's parameters on the transient dynamic behavior of the system.
المصادر:
Shahedi, K. Sabahi, M. Tayana, A. Hajizadeh, “Self-tuning fuzzy PID controller for load frequency control in ac micro-grid with considering of input delay”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 9, no. 35, pp. 19-26, Dec. 2019, dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1397.9.35.3.6.
Shahgholian, “A brief review on microgrids: Operation, applications, modeling, and control”, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, Article Number. e12885, June 2021, 10.1002/2050-7038.12885.
Latif, S. M. S. Hussain, D. C. Das, T. S. Ustun, “State-of-the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems”, Applied Energy, vol. 266, Article Number: 114858, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114858.
Aghadavoodi, G. Shahgholian, "A new practical feed-forward cascade analyze for close loop identification of combustion control loop system through RANFIS and NARX", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 133, pp. 381-395, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.075.
A. Seyed-Beheshti-Fini, S.M. Shariatmadar, V. Amir, "Frequency control in multi-carrier microgrids with the presence of electric vehicles based on adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system controller", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 14, no. 55, pp. 27-42, Dec. 2023.
Kazemi-Esfeh, M. Baharizadeh, "A decentralized control method based on virtual frequency-voltage frame for accurate active and reactive powers sharing in microgrids", Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 14, no. 55, pp. 55-66, Dec. 2023.
Shahgholian, S. Yazdekhasti, P. Shafaghi, "Dynamic analysis and stability of the load frequency control in two area power system with steam turbine", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICCEE, pp. 40-46, Dubai , Dec. 2009, doi: 10.1109/ICCEE.2009.95.
Sivadanam, N. Bhookya and S. Maheswarapu, “Dynamic performance enhancement of interconnected hybrid thermal power system in the presence of electric vehicles, Case studies in Thermal engineering”, vol. 26, Article Number: 101045, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2021.101045.
Shoulaie, M. Bayati-Poudeh, G. Shahgholian, “Damping torsional torques in turbine-generator shaft by novel PSS based on genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 3-10, Sept. 2010, dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1389.1.2.1.2.
Gholamrezaie, M.G. Dozein, H. Monsef, B. Wu, "An optimal frequency control method through a dynamic load frequency control (LFC) model incorporating wind farm", IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.392-401, March 2018, doi:10.1109/JSYST.2016.2563979.
Zhang, H. Liu, F. Wang, T. Yan and K. Wang, “Secondary frequency control strategy for BESS considering their degree of participation”, Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 594-602, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.183.
Khani, G. Shahgholian, "Analysis and optimization of frequency control in isolated microgrid with double-fed induction-generators based wind turbine", Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 24-37, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1080/22348972.2018.1564547.
Wang, Y. Guo, D. Zhang, “Optimal ancillary control for frequency regulation of wind turbine generator based on improved fatigue load sensitivity”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 137, Article Number: 107751, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107751.
Ma, C. Zhang, X. Liu and H. Chen, "Distributed model predictive load frequency control of the multi-area power system after deregulation", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 5129-5139, June 2017, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2613923.
Shahgholian, “PID controller design for load-frequncy control in power system by hydro-turbine including trinsient droop compensation”, Journal of Iranian Dam and Hydroelectric Powerplant, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 50-64, 2015, dor: 20.1001.1.23225882.1394.2.5.2.7.
H. Alhelou, M.E. Hamedani-Golshan, R. Zamani, E. Heydarian-Forushani and P. Siano, “Challenges and opportunities of load frequency control in conventional, modern and future smart power systems: A comprehensive review”, Energies, vol. 11, Article Number: 2497, 2018, doi: 10.3390/en11102497.
Mahdavian, G. Shahgholian, M. Janghorbani, B. Soltani, N. Wattanapongsakorn, "Load frequency control in power system with hydro turbine under various conditions", Proceeding of the IEEE/ECTICON, pp. 1-5, Hua Hin, Thailand, June 2015, doi: 10.1109/ECTICon.2015.7206938.
Rahman, L.C. Saikia, N. Sinha, "Load frequency control of a hydro-thermal system under deregulated environment using biogeography-based optimised three-degree-of-freedom integral-derivative controller", IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 2284-2293, Nov. 2015, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0317.
Aziz, A.T. Oo and A. Stojcevski, “Frequency regulation capabilities in wind power plant”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 26, pp. 47-76, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2017.10.002.
H. Tungadio, Y. Sun, "Load frequency controllers considering renewable energy integration in power system", Energy Reports, Vol. 5, pp. 436–454, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.04.003.
Khanjanzadeh, S. Soleymani, B. Mozafari, M. Fotuhi, “Integrated multi-area power system with HVDC tie-line to enhance load frequency control and automatic generation control”, Electrical Engineering, vol. 102, pp. 1223–1239, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00202-020-00944-5.
Shankar, S. R. Pradhan, K. Chatterjee, R. Mandal, “A comprehensive state of the art literature survey on LFC mechanism for power system”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 76, pp. 1185-1207, Sept. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.064.
Magdy, E. A. Mohamed, G. Shabib, A. A. Elbaset, Y. Mitani, “Microgrid dynamic security considering high penetration of renewable energy”, Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, vol. 3, Article Number: 23, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s41601-018-0093-1.
Pappachen, A. P. Fathima, “Critical research areas on load frequency control issues in a deregulated power system: A state-of-the-art-of-review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 72, pp. 163-177, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.053.
Fan, Z. Miao, D. Osborn, "Wind farms with HVDC delivery in load frequency control", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1894-1895, Nov. 2009, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2030256.
Shahgholian, "Power system stabilizer application for load frequency control in hydro-electric power plant", Engineering Mathematics, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 21-30, Feb. 2017, doi:10.11648/j.engmath.20170201.14.
Pathak, A. Verma, T. S. Bhatti and I. Nasiruddin, "Modeling of HVDC tie links and their utilization in AGC/LFC operations of multiarea power systems", IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 2185-2197, March 2019, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2835387.
Rakhshani, D. Remon, P. Rodriguez, “Effects of PLL and frequency measurements on LFC problem in multi-area HVDC interconnected systems”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 81, pp. 140-152, Oct. 2016, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.02.011.
Tao, S. Roy, S. Baldi, "Stable adaptation in multi-area load frequency control under dynamically-changing topologies", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 2946-2956, July 2021, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3044436.
P.S. Parmar, S. Majhi and D.P. Kothari, “Load frequency control of a realistic power system with multi-source power generation”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 426-433, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.04.040.
Shahgholian, K. Khani, M. Moazzami, "The Impact of DFIG based wind turbines in power system load frequency control with hydro turbine", Journal of Iranian Dam and Hedroelectric, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 38-51, Winter 2015.
A. Maher, I.A. Mohammed, I.K. Ibraheem, “Polynomial based H∞ robust governor for load frequency control in steam turbine power systems”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 57, pp. 311-317, May 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.12.010.
L. Zeynelgil, A. Demirören, N.S. Şengör, “Load frequency control for power system with reheat steam turbine and governor deadband non-linearity by using neural network controller”, European Transactions on Electrical Power, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 179-164, March/June 2002, doi: 10.1002/etep.4450120303.
W. Siti, N.T. Mbungu, D.H. Tungadio, B.B. Banza, L. Ngoma, “Application of load frequency control method to a multi-microgrid with energy storage system”, Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 52, Article Number: 104629, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104629.
H. Ali, A. Fathy, A.M. Kassem, “Optimal model predictive control for LFC of multi-interconnected plants comprising renewable energy sources based on recent sooty terns approach”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 42, Article Number: 100844, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2020.100844.
Wang, Y. Liu, "Adaptive terminal sliding mode based load frequency control for multi-area interconnected power systems with PV and energy storage", IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 120185-120192, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3109141.
Hakimuddin, I. Nasiruddin. T.S. Bhatti, Y. Arya, “Optimal automatic generation control with hydro, thermal, gas, and wind power plants in 2-area interconnected power system”, Electric Power Components and Systems , vol. 48, no. 6-7, pp. 558-571, Aug 2020, doi: 10.1080/15325008.2020.1793829.
Dragosavac, Ž. Janda, J.V. Milanovic, "PLC-based model of reactive power flow in steam power plant for pre-commissioning validation testing of coordinated Q-V controller", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2256-2263, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2127498.
Li, Y. Xin, B. Hu, K. Zeng, Z. Wu, S. Fan, Y. Li, Y. Chen, S. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Min, J. Li, G. Flamant, “Safety and thermal efficiency performance assessment of solar aided coal-fired power plant based on turbine steam double reheat”, Energy, vol. 226, Article Number: 120277, July 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120277.
Ma, Y. Zhang, M. Yue, Y. Shi, “Thermal economy study on the waste heat utilization of a double reheat unit under coupled steam turbine and boiler”, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 175, Article Number: 115112, July 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115112.
Arastou, P. Ahmadi, M. Karrari, "Modeling and parameter estimation of a steam power plant including condenser back-pressure uncertainty using operational data", IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 2979-2988, June 2022, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2021.3122228.
Lotfi-Forushani, B. Karimi, G. Shahgholian, “Optimal PID controller tuning for multivariable aircraft longitudinal autopilot based on particle swarm optimization algorithm”, Journal of Intelligent Procedures in Electrical Technology, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 41-50, June 2012, dor: 20.1001.1.23223871.1391.3.9.5.4.
Behera, T. K. Panigrahi, P.K. Ray and A.K. Sahoo, "A novel cascaded PID controller for automatic generation control analysis with renewable sources", IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1438-1451, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1109/JAS.2019.1911666.
Tehrani, A. ZareBidaki, M. Farahani, “Fuzzy PID tuned by a multi-objective algorithm to solve load frequency control problem”, International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 101-109, June 2016, dor: 20.1001.1.22519246.2016.05.02.5.1.
Chen, Z. Li, Z. Zhang, S. Li, "An improved ACO algorithm optimized fuzzy PID controller for load frequency control in multi area interconnected power systems", IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 6429-6447, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2960380.
Shahgholian, P. Shafaghi and H. Mahdavi-Nasab, "A comparative analysis and simulation of ALFC in single area power system for different turbines", Proceeding of the IEEE/ICECTECH, pp. 50-54, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 2010, doi: 10.1109/ICECTECH.2010.5479992.
O. Aluko, R.P. Carpanen, D.G. Dorrell and E.E. Ojo, "Robust state estimation method for adaptive load frequency control of interconnected power system in a restructured environment", IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 5046-5056, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2020.3005979.
Liu, Y. Li, Y. Cao, J. She, M. Wu, "A two-layer active disturbance rejection controller design for load frequency control of interconnected power system", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 3320-3321, July 2016, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2480005.
Shankar, K. Chatterjee and R. Bhushan, “Impact of energy storage system on load frequency control for diverse sources of interconnected power system in deregulated power environment”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 79, pp. 11-26, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.12.029.