بررسی اثر روش‌های مختلف خشک کردن بر فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فیتوشیمیایی و ترکیبات موثره اسانس گیاه دارویی Origanum vulgare L. Subsp. gracile
الموضوعات :
1 - عضو هیات علمی
2 - گروه خاک شناسی- دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه ارومیه
الکلمات المفتاحية: اسانس, آنتی‌اکسیدان, مرزنجوش, کارواکرول, روش خشک کردن,
ملخص المقالة :
خشک کردن رایج ترین روش نگهداری از گیاهان دارویی و معطر و حفاظت از ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی آنها است. آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها ترکیباتی هستند که از بدن در برابر خسارات ناشی از رادیکال های آزاد محافظت می کنند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر روش‌های مختلف خشک کردن بر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و فیتوشیمیایی اسانس سرشاخه های گلدار مرزنجوش در مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه (ارتفاع 1365 متر از سطح دریا) در سال 1396 اجرا شد. اندام هوایی گیاه با استفاده از چهار نوع روش خشک کردن از جمله، دمای اتاق (20-23 درجه سانتی‌گراد)، هوای آزاد (نور مستقیم خورشید)، هوای آزاد (سایه) و دمای آون (40 درجه سانتی‌گراد) خشک شدند. اسانس گیری به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) انجام گرفت. اجزاء اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. میزان فنل فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (DPPH)، فعالیت جمع‌کنندگی رادیکال سوپراکسید و فعالیت جمع کنندگی رادیکال نیتریک اکسید به ترتیب با استفاده از معرف فولین سیوکالتو، کلرید آلومینیوم، 2و2 دی فنیل-1- پیکریل هیدرازیل، بافر Tris-HCLو واکنش Illosvoy Griess اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنی داری بین روش های مختلف خشک کردن وجود دارد. بیشترین مقدار اسانس، محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت جمع کنندگی رادیکال DPPH و فعالیت جمع کنندگی رادیکال سوپراکسید در روش خشک کردن در سایه مشاهده شد. با این حال کارواکرول و تیمول به‌عنوان ترکیبات اصلی اسانس دارای بیشترین مقدار در شرایط خشک کردن در هوای آزاد تحت نور مستقیم آفتاب بودند. بیشترین مقدار ترکیباتی نظیر بتا-مرسین، آلفا-ترپینن، گاما-ترپینن و ام-سیمول که بعد از کارواکرول و تیمول دارای بالاترین مقادیر بودند در روش خشک کردن در سایه بدست آمدند. می توان نتیجه گرفت ترکیبات اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی مرزنجوش به شدت تحت تاثیر روش خشک کردن قرار می گیرد و در بین روش‌های خشک کردن، خشک کردن در سایه بهترین روش برای گیاه مرزنجوش بود تا ترکیب شیمیایی اش را حفظ کند.
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References
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4.Arslan, D. and Özcan, M.M. 2008. Evaluation of drying methods with respect to drying kinetics, mineral content and colour characteristics of rosemary leaves. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(5):1258-1264.
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23.Hossain, M.B., Barry-Ryan, C., Martin-Diana, A.B. and Brunton, N.P. 2010. Effect of drying method on the antioxidant capacity of six Lamiaceae herbs. Food Chemistry, 123(1): 85-91.
24.Howes, R.M. 2006. The free radical fantasy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1067(1):22-26.
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27.Karawya, M., E-Wakeil, F., Hifnawy, M., Ismail, F. and Khalifa, M. 1980. Study of certain factors affecting yield and composition of herbs parsley essential oil (effect of stage of growth, successive cutting, time of day of harvesting, method of drying, storage of herb oil). Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(1-2): 69-75.
28.Kayhani, A., Sefidkon, F. and Monfared, A. 2014. The effect of drying and distillation methods on essential oil content and composition of Satureja sahendica Bornm. Iranian Journal of medicinal and aromatic plants, 30(2):239-249
29.Khalid, K.A., Hu, W. and Cai, W. 2008. The effects of harvesting and different drying methods on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 11(4):342-349.
30.Khorshidi, J., Mohammadi, R., Fakhr Tabatabaei, M. and Nourbakhash, H. 2009. Influence of drying methods, extraction time, and organ type on essential oil content of Rosemary. Nature and Science, 7(11):42-44.
31.Khorramdel, S., Shabahang, J. and Asadi, G.A. 2013. Effect of drying methods on drying time, essential oil quantitative and qualitative of some of medicinal plants. Eco- phytochemical Journal of Medical Plants, 1(1): 36-48.
32.Kilic, O. and Ozdemir, F.A. 2016. Variability of essential oil composition of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. gracile Populations from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19(8): 2083-2090.
33.Ling, T.Y. and Zhao, X.Y. 1995. The improved pyrogallol method by using terminating agent for superoxide dismutase measurement. Progress Biochemistry Biophysics, 22: 84-86.
34.Martinov, M., Oztekin, S. and Müller, J. 2007. Drying medicinal and aromatic crops: harvesting, drying, and processing. Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, Binghamton. 320p.
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