بررسی اثر دگرآسیبی تفاله حاصل از روغن‌کشی میوه زیتون (Olea europaea L.) بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سه رقم گندم در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی خوزستان
الموضوعات :
آذین غفاری زاده
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران)
سید منصور سیدنژاد
2
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران)
موژان وفایی
3
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران)
عبدالعلی گیلانی
4
(بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منایع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران)
عذرا صبورا
5
(گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: دگرآسیبی, ترکیبات فنلی, آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت, تفاله زیتون, فیتوتوکسیتی,
ملخص المقالة :
این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر دگرآسیبی تفاله حاصل از روغن کشی میوه زیتون (Olea europaea L.) بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سه رقم گندم انجام شد. آزمایش در شرایط گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در پنج سطح تفاله حاصل از روغن کشی میوه زیتون (صفر، 1، 3، 5 و 7 درصد حجمی/حجمی) و سه رقم گندم (تریتیکاله، کرخه و چمران) به اجرا درآمد. میزان پروتئین های محلول برگ، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز برگ و میزان مالون دی آلدئید برگ در مرحله سنبله رفتن و وزن سنبله، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در هر سنبله، وزن دانه های سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت کل، محتوای پرولین دانه و کربوهیدرات محلول دانه در مرحله رسیدگی کامل گندم سنجش شد. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، میزان پروتئین های محلول برگ، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز برگ، وزن سنبله، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در هر سنبله، وزن دانه های سنبله، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت کل با افزایش مقدار تفاله در خاک در هر سه رقم گندم نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. اما میزان فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز برگ، میزان مالون دی آلدئید برگ، پرولین دانه و کربوهیدرات محلول دانه در سه رقم گندم با افزایش مقدار تفاله زیتون در خاک نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. از آن جایی که تفاله حاصل از روغن کشی میوه زیتون دارای ترکیبات فنلی می باشد، اثرات بازدارندگی تفاله زیتون بر رشد گندم به این ترکیبات نسبت داده شده است.
Aebi, H. )1984(. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105(1): 121-126.
Ain-Lhout, F., Zunzunegui, M., Diaz Barredas, M.C., Tirado, R., Clavijo, A. and Garcia Novo, F. (2001). Comparison of proline accumulation in two mediterranean shrubs subjected to natural and experimental water deficit. Plant and Soil. 230: 175-183.
Azizbeigi, Sh. and Khara, J. (2014). The allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia) leaves on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of parsley plants inoculated by mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme. Journal of Plant Processs and Function. 2(6): 65-76.
Bahrani, A., Heidari Sharif Abad, H., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Moafpourian, G.H. and Ayneh Band, A. (2015). Remobilization of dry matter in wheat: effects of nitrogen application and post-anthesis water deficit during grain filling. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 39(4): 279-293.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Tear, I.D. (1975). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207.
Batish, D.R., Singh, H.P., Kaur, S. and Kohli, R.K. (2006). Phytotoxicity of Ageratum conyzoides residues towards growth and nodulation of Cicer arietinum. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 113:399-401.
Behdad, A., Abrishamchi, P. and Jankgu, M. (2010). Alleopathic effect of Artemisia khorassanica podl. Extraction on seed germination, growth and some biochemical characteristics of Bromus kopetdaghensis drobov. Shahid Chamran UniversityJournal of Science. 25(1): 78-92.
Cayuela, M.L., Millner, P.D., Meyer, S.L.F. and Roig, A. (2008). Potential of olive mill waste and compost as biobased pesticides against weeds, fungi and nematodes. Science of the Total Environment. 399: 11-18.
Chen, G.N. and Asada, K. (1989). Ascorbate peroxidase in tea Leaves: occurrence of two isozymes and differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. Plant and Cell Physiology. 30(1): 987-998.
Chon, S.U., Jang, H.G., Kim, D.K., Kim, Y.M., Boo, H.O. and Kim, Y.J. (2005). Allelopathic potential in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. Scientia Horticulture. 106: 309-317.
Davey, M.W., Stals, E., Panis, B., Keulemans, J. and Swennen, R.L. (2005). High throughput of malondialdehyde in plant tissuse. Analytical Biochemistry. 347(1): 201-207.
Dastres, E., Safari, M. and Maghsoudimoud, A.A. (2015). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of pagoda tree (sophora alopecuriodes.L) and creeping jenny (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on five crop plants at seedling growth stage. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 4(11): 45-58.
Divsalar, R., Sam Deliri, M., Nasiri, M., Amiri Larijani, B., MosaviMircolai, A. and Sadeghi, N. (2011). Effect oforganic and nitrogen fertilizersincorporation on yield and yieldcomponents of rice in SRI system.Journal of Crop Production Research. 3(2): 217-230.
Djanaguiramant, M., Vaidyanathan, R., Sheeba, A., Durga Devi, D. and Bangarusamy U. (2005). Physiological response of Eucalyptus globules leaf leachate on seedling physiology of rice, sorghum and blackgram. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 7(1): 35-38.
Dubios M.K., Gilles, A., Hamilton, J.K., Rpberts, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorometric method for determination of sugers and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 3(1): 350-356.
FarhoudI, R., Sohelifar, A. and Modhej A. (2016). Effect of Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori) aqueous extracts on antioxidant enzymes activites, endogenous phytohormones concentration and α-amylase activity of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) rhizomes at germination stage. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 5(17): 75-82.
Farooq, M., Jabran, K., Rehman, H. and Hussain, M. (2008). Allelopathic effects of rice on seedling development in wheat, oat, barley and bersee. Allelopathy Journal. 22(1): 385-390.
Ghafarizadeh, A., Seyyednejad, S.M. and Gilani, A. (2015). Investigation the effect of different levels of urea fertilizer and brown seaweed extract on the physiological traits and grain yield of wheat. Crop Physiology Journal. 7(27): 69-83.
Ghafarizadeh, A., Seyyednejad, S.M. and Gilani, A. (2016). The effect of foliar spray of brown seaweed water extract and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological, biochemical, parameters and yield of wheat. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 11(41): 13-25.
Gniazdowska, R.M. and Bogatek, R. (2005). Allelopathic interactions between plants. Multi site action of allelochemicals. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 27(1): 395-407.
Haddadchi, G. and Khoarasani, M. (2006). Allelopathia effect of aqueous extracts of Sinapis arvensis on growth and related physiological and biochemical response of Brassica napus. Journal of Science (University of Tehran). 32(1): 23-28.
Hatami Hampa, A., Javanmard, A., Alebrahim, M.T. and Sofalian, O. (2018). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) on seedling growth and enzymes activity of wheat, sugar beet, common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed. Journal of Plant Protection. 32(1): 101-119.
Hoyle, M.C. (1972). Indoleacetic acid oxidase: A dual catalytic enzyme. Plant Physiology. 50(1): 15-18.
Hoseinzadeh, M., Kiarostami, K.h., Ilkhanizadeh, M. and Saboora, A. (2009). A study on allelopathic compounds derived from Hordeum spontaneum on carbohydrates, proteins and some enzymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Biology. 22(3): 392-406.
Inderjit, S. and Duke, O. (2003). Ecophisiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta. 217: 529-539.
Kalantar, A., Nojavan, M. and Naghshbandi, N. (2008). Chemical Stress induced by Heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum L.) Allelochemicals and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 11(6): 915-919.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebroiugh, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurment with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 193(1): 265-275.
Moradshahi, A., Ghadiri, H. and Ebrahimikia, F. (2003). Allelopathic effects of crude volatile oil and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves on crops and weeds. Allelopathy Journal. 12(2): 189-195.
Nastri, A., Ramieri, N.A., Abdayem, R., Piccaglia, R., Marzadori, C. and Ciavatta, C. (2006). Olive pulp and its effluents suitability for soil amendment. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 138: 211-217.
Niakan, M., Aroodi, M. and Kiaei, E. (2008). The Study of the antioxidant enzymes activity and nitrate reductase in wheat and soybean in response to aqueous extract of canola in hydroponic culture. Plant and Ecosystem. 4(13): 42-53.
Niakan, M. and Saberi, K. (2009). Effects of Eucalyptus allelopathy on growth characters and antioxidant enzymes activity in Phalaris Weed. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 8(1):440-446.
Nie, C., Zeng, R., Luo, Sh., Hong, M. and Cheng, L. (2004). Allelopathic potentials of wedelia trilobata on rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica. 30(9): 942-946.
Niroomand, A., Seyyednejad, M., Abrahimpour, F., Gilani, A. and Bakhshikhaniki, G. (2017). Study on the effect of applying different levels of olive pomace (Olea europaea L.) on the grain yield of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 12(46): 31-41.
Omidpanah, N., Moradshahi, A. and Asrar, Z. (2012). Investigation on allelopathic potential of Zhumeria majdae Rech. essential oil on two wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 28(2): 198-209.
Oracz K., Bailly C., Gniazdowska A., Come D., Corbineau D. and Bogatek R. (2007). Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33: 251-264.
Ouzounidou, G., Zervakis, G.I. and Gaitis, F. (2010). Raw and microbiologically detoxified olive mill waste and their impact on plant growth. Terrestrial and Aquatic Enviromental Toxicology. 4(1): 21-38.
Peng, S. and Senadhara, D. (2003). Genetic enhancement of rice yield. CropScience. 4(51): 238-246.
Rafatjoo, A. and Modhej, A. (2015). Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Two Crops (Wheat and Barley) and Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis). Journal of Plant Protection. 28(4): 482-489.
Rashed, M. H., Gherekhloo, J. and Rastgoo, M. (2009). Allelopathic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) leaves and corms on seedling growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 7(1): 53-61.
Roohi, A., Tajbakhsh, M., Saeidi, M.R. and Nikzad, P. (2009). Study the allelopathic effects of walnut (Juglans regia) water leaf extract on germination characteristics of wheat (Triticum astivum), onion (Allium cepa) and Lactuca (Lactuca sativa). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 7(2): 457-464.
Sadat Asilan, K., Modarres Sanavy, S.A.M., Ghahary, S., Moradi Ghahderijani, M. and Panahi, M. (2015). The Evaluation Allelopathic Effects of Iranian Rice (Qryza Sativa L.) Cultivars on Growth Factors of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa Cruss–Galli L.). Environmental Science. 12(4): 37-46.
Sakhaee, M., Asareh, M.H., Shariat, A. and BakhshiKhaniki, Gh.R. (2010). The study of allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal on Plant Science Researches. 4(4): 58-68.
Siahmargoei, A., Niakan, M. and Rezvani, B. (2014). The effect of nitric oxide on antioxidant system changes Lens culinaris in response to the stress of Allelopathic of. Avena spp L. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 9: 175-184.
Singh, A., Singh, D. and Singh, N.B. (2009). Allelochemical stress produced by aqueous leachate of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Plant Growth Regulation. 58(1): 163-171.
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Aebi, H. )1984(. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105(1): 121-126.
Ain-Lhout, F., Zunzunegui, M., Diaz Barredas, M.C., Tirado, R., Clavijo, A. and Garcia Novo, F. (2001). Comparison of proline accumulation in two mediterranean shrubs subjected to natural and experimental water deficit. Plant and Soil. 230: 175-183.
Azizbeigi, Sh. and Khara, J. (2014). The allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia) leaves on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of parsley plants inoculated by mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme. Journal of Plant Processs and Function. 2(6): 65-76.
Bahrani, A., Heidari Sharif Abad, H., Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z., Moafpourian, G.H. and Ayneh Band, A. (2015). Remobilization of dry matter in wheat: effects of nitrogen application and post-anthesis water deficit during grain filling. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science. 39(4): 279-293.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Tear, I.D. (1975). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207.
Batish, D.R., Singh, H.P., Kaur, S. and Kohli, R.K. (2006). Phytotoxicity of Ageratum conyzoides residues towards growth and nodulation of Cicer arietinum. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 113:399-401.
Behdad, A., Abrishamchi, P. and Jankgu, M. (2010). Alleopathic effect of Artemisia khorassanica podl. Extraction on seed germination, growth and some biochemical characteristics of Bromus kopetdaghensis drobov. Shahid Chamran UniversityJournal of Science. 25(1): 78-92.
Cayuela, M.L., Millner, P.D., Meyer, S.L.F. and Roig, A. (2008). Potential of olive mill waste and compost as biobased pesticides against weeds, fungi and nematodes. Science of the Total Environment. 399: 11-18.
Chen, G.N. and Asada, K. (1989). Ascorbate peroxidase in tea Leaves: occurrence of two isozymes and differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. Plant and Cell Physiology. 30(1): 987-998.
Chon, S.U., Jang, H.G., Kim, D.K., Kim, Y.M., Boo, H.O. and Kim, Y.J. (2005). Allelopathic potential in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. Scientia Horticulture. 106: 309-317.
Davey, M.W., Stals, E., Panis, B., Keulemans, J. and Swennen, R.L. (2005). High throughput of malondialdehyde in plant tissuse. Analytical Biochemistry. 347(1): 201-207.
Dastres, E., Safari, M. and Maghsoudimoud, A.A. (2015). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of pagoda tree (sophora alopecuriodes.L) and creeping jenny (Convolvulus arvensis L.) on five crop plants at seedling growth stage. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 4(11): 45-58.
Divsalar, R., Sam Deliri, M., Nasiri, M., Amiri Larijani, B., MosaviMircolai, A. and Sadeghi, N. (2011). Effect oforganic and nitrogen fertilizersincorporation on yield and yieldcomponents of rice in SRI system.Journal of Crop Production Research. 3(2): 217-230.
Djanaguiramant, M., Vaidyanathan, R., Sheeba, A., Durga Devi, D. and Bangarusamy U. (2005). Physiological response of Eucalyptus globules leaf leachate on seedling physiology of rice, sorghum and blackgram. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 7(1): 35-38.
Dubios M.K., Gilles, A., Hamilton, J.K., Rpberts, P.A. and Smith, F. (1956). Colorometric method for determination of sugers and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 3(1): 350-356.
FarhoudI, R., Sohelifar, A. and Modhej A. (2016). Effect of Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori) aqueous extracts on antioxidant enzymes activites, endogenous phytohormones concentration and α-amylase activity of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) rhizomes at germination stage. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 5(17): 75-82.
Farooq, M., Jabran, K., Rehman, H. and Hussain, M. (2008). Allelopathic effects of rice on seedling development in wheat, oat, barley and bersee. Allelopathy Journal. 22(1): 385-390.
Ghafarizadeh, A., Seyyednejad, S.M. and Gilani, A. (2015). Investigation the effect of different levels of urea fertilizer and brown seaweed extract on the physiological traits and grain yield of wheat. Crop Physiology Journal. 7(27): 69-83.
Ghafarizadeh, A., Seyyednejad, S.M. and Gilani, A. (2016). The effect of foliar spray of brown seaweed water extract and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological, biochemical, parameters and yield of wheat. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 11(41): 13-25.
Gniazdowska, R.M. and Bogatek, R. (2005). Allelopathic interactions between plants. Multi site action of allelochemicals. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 27(1): 395-407.
Haddadchi, G. and Khoarasani, M. (2006). Allelopathia effect of aqueous extracts of Sinapis arvensis on growth and related physiological and biochemical response of Brassica napus. Journal of Science (University of Tehran). 32(1): 23-28.
Hatami Hampa, A., Javanmard, A., Alebrahim, M.T. and Sofalian, O. (2018). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) on seedling growth and enzymes activity of wheat, sugar beet, common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed. Journal of Plant Protection. 32(1): 101-119.
Hoyle, M.C. (1972). Indoleacetic acid oxidase: A dual catalytic enzyme. Plant Physiology. 50(1): 15-18.
Hoseinzadeh, M., Kiarostami, K.h., Ilkhanizadeh, M. and Saboora, A. (2009). A study on allelopathic compounds derived from Hordeum spontaneum on carbohydrates, proteins and some enzymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Biology. 22(3): 392-406.
Inderjit, S. and Duke, O. (2003). Ecophisiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta. 217: 529-539.
Kalantar, A., Nojavan, M. and Naghshbandi, N. (2008). Chemical Stress induced by Heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum L.) Allelochemicals and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 11(6): 915-919.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebroiugh, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurment with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 193(1): 265-275.
Moradshahi, A., Ghadiri, H. and Ebrahimikia, F. (2003). Allelopathic effects of crude volatile oil and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves on crops and weeds. Allelopathy Journal. 12(2): 189-195.
Nastri, A., Ramieri, N.A., Abdayem, R., Piccaglia, R., Marzadori, C. and Ciavatta, C. (2006). Olive pulp and its effluents suitability for soil amendment. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 138: 211-217.
Niakan, M., Aroodi, M. and Kiaei, E. (2008). The Study of the antioxidant enzymes activity and nitrate reductase in wheat and soybean in response to aqueous extract of canola in hydroponic culture. Plant and Ecosystem. 4(13): 42-53.
Niakan, M. and Saberi, K. (2009). Effects of Eucalyptus allelopathy on growth characters and antioxidant enzymes activity in Phalaris Weed. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 8(1):440-446.
Nie, C., Zeng, R., Luo, Sh., Hong, M. and Cheng, L. (2004). Allelopathic potentials of wedelia trilobata on rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica. 30(9): 942-946.
Niroomand, A., Seyyednejad, M., Abrahimpour, F., Gilani, A. and Bakhshikhaniki, G. (2017). Study on the effect of applying different levels of olive pomace (Olea europaea L.) on the grain yield of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 12(46): 31-41.
Omidpanah, N., Moradshahi, A. and Asrar, Z. (2012). Investigation on allelopathic potential of Zhumeria majdae Rech. essential oil on two wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 28(2): 198-209.
Oracz K., Bailly C., Gniazdowska A., Come D., Corbineau D. and Bogatek R. (2007). Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33: 251-264.
Ouzounidou, G., Zervakis, G.I. and Gaitis, F. (2010). Raw and microbiologically detoxified olive mill waste and their impact on plant growth. Terrestrial and Aquatic Enviromental Toxicology. 4(1): 21-38.
Peng, S. and Senadhara, D. (2003). Genetic enhancement of rice yield. CropScience. 4(51): 238-246.
Rafatjoo, A. and Modhej, A. (2015). Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Two Crops (Wheat and Barley) and Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis). Journal of Plant Protection. 28(4): 482-489.
Rashed, M. H., Gherekhloo, J. and Rastgoo, M. (2009). Allelopathic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) leaves and corms on seedling growth of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and lambsquarter (Chenopodium album). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 7(1): 53-61.
Roohi, A., Tajbakhsh, M., Saeidi, M.R. and Nikzad, P. (2009). Study the allelopathic effects of walnut (Juglans regia) water leaf extract on germination characteristics of wheat (Triticum astivum), onion (Allium cepa) and Lactuca (Lactuca sativa). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 7(2): 457-464.
Sadat Asilan, K., Modarres Sanavy, S.A.M., Ghahary, S., Moradi Ghahderijani, M. and Panahi, M. (2015). The Evaluation Allelopathic Effects of Iranian Rice (Qryza Sativa L.) Cultivars on Growth Factors of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa Cruss–Galli L.). Environmental Science. 12(4): 37-46.
Sakhaee, M., Asareh, M.H., Shariat, A. and BakhshiKhaniki, Gh.R. (2010). The study of allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal on Plant Science Researches. 4(4): 58-68.
Siahmargoei, A., Niakan, M. and Rezvani, B. (2014). The effect of nitric oxide on antioxidant system changes Lens culinaris in response to the stress of Allelopathic of. Avena spp L. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research. 9: 175-184.
Singh, A., Singh, D. and Singh, N.B. (2009). Allelochemical stress produced by aqueous leachate of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Plant Growth Regulation. 58(1): 163-171.
