تبیین مفهوم شادی و نشاط اجتماعی در فضاهای عمومی نمونه مورد مطالعه: شهر تبریز
سودا محمدی دلبند
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری طراحی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
)
آرش ثقفی
2
(
استادیار شهرسازی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران ( نویسنده مسئول) Email: a.saghafi@iaut.ac.ir
)
داریوش ستارزاده
3
(
دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
)
مهسا فرامرزی
4
(
استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز،تبریز،ایران
)
تاريخ الإرسال : 15 الإثنين , رجب, 1444
تاريخ التأكيد : 27 الأربعاء , شوال, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
شادی,
نشاط اجتماعی,
فضاهای عمومی شهری,
تبیین مفهوم,
ملخص المقالة :
بالندگی، سرزندگی و نشاط روانی انسان به دلیل تأثیر قابلملاحظهای که بر تمامی جنبه های شخصیتی انسان و چگونگی بروز و ظهور رفتارهای مختلف در او دارد، همواره موردتوجه محققان و پژوهشگران بوده است. شهروندان امروز شهرهای جهان علیرغم برخورداری از امکانات و تسهیلات شهری احساس شادمانی ندارند و تشدید ناهنجاری های اجتماعی، محصول شرایط نامساعد محیطی، نابسامانی فضایی و فشارهای روانی ناشی از طراحی نادرست فضاهای شهری است. برای دستیابی به فضای مطلوب، سالم و شاد در شهرها نیازمند رعایت اصول و موازینی خاص در طراحی شهرها برای رسیدن به شهر شاد هستیم. این پژوهش با روش کمی و هدف تبیین مفهوم شادی و نشاط اجتماعی در فضاهای عمومی شهری می باشد. بهمنظور پاسخگویی به این هدف در بخش مبانی نظری تأکید شد که بهطورکلی شادی و فضاهای عمومی شهری بر یکدیگر اثرگذارند. یافتههای پژوهش حاکی از این است که بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده از مطالعات آماری، تمامی متغیرهای مفهومی پژوهش، شامل ابعاد کیفیت فضاهای عمومی شهری، ابعاد کالبدی-اکولوژیک، ابعاد ادراکی-معنایی، ابعاد فرهنگی-اقتصادی، ابعاد اجتماعی، ابعاد ذهنی، ابعاد سیاسی-مدیریتی، ابعاد فردی-شخصیتی دارای ارتباط معنادار با مفهوم شادی و نشاط اجتماعی می باشند. از دیدگاه شهروندان، بعد کیفیت فضای شهری مهم ترین بعدی است که نقش مهم تری در ارتقا شادی و نشاط اجتماعی شهروندان داشته و بیشترین اثرگذاری را بر شادی شهروندان ایفا می کنند و بایستی در برنامهریزیهای مرتبط با فضای شهری در اولویت قرار گیرند.
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_||_
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Costanza, R., Fisher, B., Ali, S., Beer, C., Bond, L., Boumans, R., & Gayer, D. E. (2008). “An integrative approach to quality-of-life measurement, research, and policy”. SAPI EN. S. Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society, (1.1).
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Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2004). Personality, culture, and subjective wellbeing: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual review of psychology, 54(1), 403-425.
Dolan, P., Layard, R., & Metcalfe, R. (2011). Measuring subjective well-being for public policy.
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Eysenck, H.J. (1990). Happiness, Fact and Myths, London, Lawrence Erlbaum.
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Layard, R. (2005). Happiness is Back.”. Felicidade e Políticas Públicas, 39.
LEE, A. C. K. and MAHESWARAN, R. (2011). 'The health benefits of urban green spaces: a review of the evidence', Journal of Public Health, 33, 22642: 212-222.
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., & Kao, S. F. 2001. “Cultural values and happiness: An East-West dialogue”. The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.141, No.4, pp. 477-493.
Lucas, R. E., & Gohm, C. L. (2006). Age and sex differences in subjective well-being across cultures. Culture and subjective well-being, 3(2) 91-317.
Lyubomirsky, S., Kennon M., Sheldon, and Schkade, D., (2005). Pursuing happiness: the architecture of sustainable change. Review of general psychology, Vol.9, No.2, p.111-131.
MAAS, J., VERHEIJ, R. A., GROENEWEGEN, P. P., DE VRIES, S. and SPREEUWENBERG, P. (2006). 'Green space, urbanity, and health: how strong is the relation?', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 22657: 587.
McMahon, D.M. (2006). "Happiness: A History", New York, Atlantic Monthly.
Montgomery, C. (2007). “From living hell to living well”. Globe and Mail.
Montgomery, C. (2013). “Happy city: transforming our lives through urban design”. Macmillan.
Mousavi,M.(2013).Happiness :Theoretical approach and experimental finding,Tehran: Tissa.
National Research Council. (2002). “Neem: a tree for solving global problems”. The Minerva Group, Inc.
Nisbet, E. K., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2011). Happiness is in our nature: Exploring nature relatedness as a contributor to subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(2), 303-322.
Orojnia,P(2013),”Happiness in Iran old wisdom and its empact on Islamic iran”, tarikh va tamadon esslami journal, no1,pages 23-39.[in Persian]
Pringle, Sofie, Guaralda, Mirko, & Mayere, Severine. (2019). Urban environment characteristics and their implications on emotional happiness and well-being: Proposal of a theoretical and conceptual framework. In Jackson, S & Muffatt, L (Eds.) Proceedings of the 12th Liveable Cities Conference. Association for Sustainability in Business Inc., Australia, pp. 33-66.
QIN, J., ZHOU, X., SUN, C., LENG, H. and LIAN, Z. (2013). 'Influence of green spaces on environmental satisfaction and physiological status of urban residents', Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 12, 15844: 490-497.
Rhinehart, N. (2009). “Public Spaces in Bogota: An Introduction”. The University of Miami InterAmerican Law Review, 40(2), 197-211.
Samavati, S., & Ranjbar, E. (2017). The Effect of Physical Stimuli on Citizens’ Happiness in Urban Environments: The Case of the Pedestrian Area of the Historical Part of Tehran, Journal of Urban Design and Mental Health; 2:2.
Samavati, S., and E. Ranjbar (2016). “Charles Montgomery’s View of Happy City”. Published at http://anthropologyandculture.com. [in Persian]
Samavati,s,(2016),improvement the quality of happiness in Tehran historical context, urban design master thesis, Tarbiat modares university,faculty of art andarchitecture, supervisor: ehsan ranjbar.[in Persian]
Sepe, M. (2017). THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SPACE TO ACHIEVE URBAN HAPPINESS, Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, vol: 96: 364- 373
SERESINHE, C. I., PREIS, T., MACKERRON, G. and MOAT, H. S. (2019). 'Happiness is Greater in More Scenic Locations', Sci Rep, 9, 22571: 4498.
SULLIVAN, W. (2014) Attention restoration and stress reduction: Two mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exposure to green spaces.