مقایسه عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی ارقام گندم تحت تأثیر قطع آبیاری در منطقه شهریار
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیرضا افشاریان زاده 1 , اسلام مجیدی هروان 2 , محمد نصری 3 , حسین حیدری شریف آباد 4 , قربان نورمحمدی 5
1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین- پیشوا، ورامین، تهران، ایران
4 - استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
5 - استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد, تنش خشکی, گندم, ارقام, خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی,
ملخص المقالة :
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف قطع آبیاری بر عملکرد و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ارقام گندم در سال زراعی 97-1396 در منطقه شهریار به صورت کرت های خرد شده (اسپیلت پلات) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل قطع آبیاری و ارقام در 63 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی تیمارهای آبیاری در سه سطح شامل؛ آبیاری معمول I0، قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی (براساس مقیاس زادوکس، شروع گلدهی گندم با کد 61 (گلدهی سنبلچه های وسط سنبله) و اتمام گلدهی با کد 69 (گلدهی تمام سنبلچه های سنبله) I1، قطع آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه (اولین گره قابل رویت است با کد73 تا ظهور کامل سنبله کد94) I2 و 21 رقم به عنوان عامل فرعی شامل ارقام؛ چمران، استار، سیروان، سیوند، ارگ، پارسی، برات، نارین، حیدری، افق، رخشان، بهاران، سپاهان، افلاک، میهن، زارع، گنبد، اروم، سایسون، گاسکوژن، مهرگان بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد کل، هدایت روزنه ای، دمای کانوپی، پرولین برگ، پایداری غشای سلولی،گلوتن دانه، آنزیم آنتی اکسیدانت SOD و بیو مارکر تخریب MDA تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی سطوح قطع آبیاری و ارقام و اثرات متقابل تیمار ها قرارگرفتند و اختلافات به وجود آمده در سطح یک و پنج درصد معنی دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه ( kg.ha-1)10857.2، عملکرد کل 44092.8 (kg.ha-1 ) و هدایت روزنه ای 236.08 (mmolH2o.m-2.s-1 ) از تیمار آبیاری معمول و رقم رخشان و کمترین عملکرد دانه 1467.9 (kg.ha-1)، عملکرد کل11496.7 (kg.ha-1) و هدایت روزنه ای 44.81 (mmolH2o.m-2.s-1 ) از تیمار قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و رقم افق با حاصل شد. قطع آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه رقم افق بیشترین دمای کانوپی (0C) 19.827 و پرولین برگ 0.994 (µg.gFw) ) و کمترین دمای کانوپی 13.126 (0C ) و پرولین برگ 0.416 (µg.gFw) پایداری غشای سلولی 171.14 (µmos.cm ) از آبیاری معمول در رقم رخشان به دست آمد. بیشترین آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز 19.06 (U/mgprotein) و مالون دی آلدئید 40.68 (ηmol.gFw-1) مربوط به قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی رقم گاسگوژن بود. نتایج نشان داد ارقام متحمل به خشکی کمتر تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند و با تولید کمتر مواد آلی مانند پرولین و آنزیم ها و بیومارکرهای تخریب، میزان عملکرد را در سطح قابل قبولی حفظ کردند.
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Ahmadi, A., M. Joudi, and M. Janmohammdi. 2009. Late defoliation and wheat yield: little evidence of post an thesis source limitation. Field Crops Research. 113: 90-93. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.04.010.
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Ashraf, M., and P.J.C. Harris. 2013. Photosynthesis under stressful environments: an overview. Photosynthetica. 51(2): 163-190. doi: 10.1007/s11099-013-0021-6.
Ashraf, M., N.A. Akram, F. Al-Qurainy, and M.R. Flooda. 2011. Drought tolerance: roles of organic osmolyts, growth, regulators, and mineral nutrients. Advance Agronomy. 111: 249-296. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00002-3.
Balota, M., W.A. Payne, S.R. Evett, and M.D. Lazar. 2007. Canopy temperature depression sampling to assess grain yield and genotypic differentiation in winter wheat. Crop Science. 47:1518–1529. doi:2135/cropsci2006.06.0383.
Ben Amor, N., A. Jimenez, W. Megdiche, M. Lundqvist, F. Sevilla, and C. Abdelly. 2007. Kinetics of the anti-oxidant response to salinity in the halophyte Cakile maritime. Plant Biology. 49: 982-992. doi:1111/j.1672-9072.2007.00491.x.
Bewley, J.D. 2009. Physiological aspects of desiccation tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 124: 321-329. doi:1155/2018/9464592.
Blum, A. 2005. Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve mobilization. Euphytica. 100:77-83. doi:1023/A:1018303922482.
Chinnusamy, V. 2004. Use of genetic engineering and molecular biology approaches for crop improvement for stress environments. In: Abiotic stress: plant resistance through breeding and molecular approaches. Eds. Xiong, L. and J.K. Zhu. 47-107. Taylor and Francis Press, New York. doi:1201/9781482293609.
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Eivazi, A., S. Abdollahi, H. Salekdeh, I. Majidi, A. Mohamadi, and B. Pirayeshfar. 2006. Effect of drought and salinity stress on quality related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 7: 252-267. doi:10.22077/escs.2020.2202.1550. (In Persian).
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Gallagher, J.N., P.V. Briscoe, and B.H. Inter. 2012. Effects of drought on grain growth. 332: 141-143. doi: 10.1038/264541a0.
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Hui, J., D.T. Bo, J. Qi, J. Dong, and C.W. Xing. 2007. Effects of post-anthesis high temperature and water stress on activities of key regulatory enzymes involved in protein formation in two wheat cultivars. Acta Agronomica Sinica. 33(12): 2021-2027. doi:6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2007.02.002.
Imam, Y. 2011. Cereal Agriculture, fourth edition. Shiraz University Press. Shiraz. doi:22067/jsw. V 0i0.43208. (In Persian).
Irigoyen, J.J., D.W. Emerich, and M. Sanchez Diz. 1993. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in modulated of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Physiology a Plantarum. 84: 55.60. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb08764.x.
Izabela, M., C.M. Ilona, S. Edyta, F. Maria, G. Stanisław, and T.G. Maciej. 2013. Impact to osmotic stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics in droughts usceptible and drought-resistant wheat genotypes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 35(2): 451-461. doi:1007/s11738-012-1088-6.
Misra, HP., and I. Fridovich. 1972. The Generation of super oxide radical during oxidation. Journal Biology Chemestry. Volume 247, Issue 21, November 1972, Pages 6960-6962. doi:1016/S0021-9258(19)44679-6.
Mittler, R. 2009. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 4(9):132-137. doi:1016/s1360-1385(02)02312-9.
Moursi, M.A., and S.A. Salem. 2013. Effect of rates and methods of urea application chemical composition of maize. Crop Absolute. 61:12-14. doi:2174/1874331502014010036].
Najafy, M. 2013. The role of amino acids in organic farming. doi:22067/ijpr. v1394i2.35619.
Naseri, R., M. Barary, M.J. Zarea, K. Khavazi, and Z. Tahmasebi. 2016. Studying root morphological characteristics of seminal roots systems of durum and bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10 (2): 477-492. doi:22067/gsc. v17i1.69147. (In Persian).
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