مقایسه عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های کیفی علوفه ذرت، سورگوم و تاج خروس علوفه‌ای در تراکم و تاریخ کاشت‌های مختلف در استان فارس

الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

الهام مشاور ¹ ( دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران )
یحیی امام ² ( استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران )
حمید مدنی ³ ( دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک،ایران )
قربان نورمحمدی ⁴ ( استاد گروه زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران )
حسین حیدری شریف آباد ⁵ ( استاد گروه زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران )

تاريخ الإرسال : 23 السبت , شوال, 1436 تاريخ التأكيد : 07 الثلاثاء , جمادى الأولى, 1437 تاريخ الإصدار : 11 الأحد , جمادى الثانية, 1437

الکلمات المفتاحية: درصد پروتئین, عملکرد علوفه تاج خروس, کیفیت علوفه, میزان آهن,

ملخص المقالة :

به منظور ارزیابی اثرات تراکم و تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد و ویژگی ‌های کیفی سه گیاه علوفه ای ذرت، سورگوم و گیاه جدید تاج خروس علوفه‌ای، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1392 به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در دو منطقه‌ از مرودشت واقع در استان فارس اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل نوع گیاه(ذرت علوفه ای 704، سورگوم علوفه ای رقم اسپیدفید، تاج خروس علوفه ای)، تراکم بوته (66000، 83000، 110000 بوته در هکتار) و تاریخ کاشت (1، 15، 30 تیرماه) بودند. تجزیه مرکب واریانس داده ها نشان داد که تیمارهای نوع گیاه، تراکم بوته و تاریخ کاشت اثر معنی داری بر عملکرد، درصد پروتئین دانه، میزان آهن، درصد کلسیم، میزان روی، درصد پروتئین خام علوفه و فیبر داشتند. به طوری که، بیشترین میزان عملکرد علوفه خشک (11279.70 گرم برمترمربع)، درصد پروتئین دانه (14.85 درصد)، میزان آهن (446 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک)، درصد کلسیم (3.66 درصد) و کمترین درصد فیبر (9.44 درصد) در گیاه تاج خروس در تاریخ کاشت 15 تیرماه با تراکم 66000 بوته در هکتار مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان روی (113.50 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و درصد پروتئین خام علوفه (با میانگین 1.69 درصد) در گیاه ذرت به ترتیب درتاریخ کاشت اول و 30 تیرماه در تراکم 66000 بوته در هکتار وجود داشت که از نظر درصد پروتئین خام علوفه، تفاوت معنی داری با گیاه تاج‌خروس در کشت 15 تیر ماه (1.650 درصد) نداشت. بیشترین درصد فیبر نیز در گیاه سورگوم (26.393 درصد) در کشت 30 تیر ماه و تراکم 110000 بوته در هکتار مشاهده شد. با تاخیر در کاشت و افزایش تراکم بوته، کیفیت علوفه در سه گیاه کاهش یافت. به طورکلی، با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، علوفه گیاه تاج خروس در مقایسه با ذرت و سورگوم، از نظر عملکرد و کیفیت یک گیاه علوفه‌ای ارزشمند محسوب می‌شود و بهترین تیمار پیشنهادی جهت عملکرد بیشتر و کیفیت بالاتر این علوفه در استان فارس تاریخ کاشت 15 تیرماه و تراکم 66000 بوته در هکتار می‌باشد.

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