توسعه و اعتبارسنجی پیش بین های برون‌سپاری منابع انسانی در بخش کشاورزی ایران: رهیافت فراترکیب
الموضوعات :Rahman iranpour 1 , رویا شاکری 2 , kumars ahmadi 3
1 - PhD student in Public Administration, Human Resources, Sanandaj Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسالمی، واحد سنندج
3 - Department of Management, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: برون‌سپاری, جذب, آموزش, منابع انسانی, سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف این پژوهش شناسایی پیش‌بین‌های برون‌سپاری منابع انسانی در بخش کشاورزی ایران با استفاده از رویکرد فراترکیب بود. روش تحقیق توسعه‌ای و از نظر ماهیت داده‌ها در گروه تحقیقات ترکیبی( کیفی- کمی) و بر مبنای روش جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، اسنادی و همبستگی است. جامعه موردبررسی تحقیق در مرحله اول شامل تمامی تحقیقات در حوزه برون‌سپاری از سال 2000 تا 2020 و در مرحله دوم شامل تعداد 750 نفر از مدیران و کارشناسان سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی بودند . روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده و مطابق فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه به دست آمد. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که پایایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ 93/. بدست آمد. پس از پالایش مقالات، در نهایت تعداد 44 مقاله علمی که بطور مستقیم به موضوع برون‌سپاری منابع انسانی پرداخته بودند وارد مرحله تحلیل در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA شدند. پس از مرحله تلفیق تعداد 44 کد متمایز شناسایی و کدهای استراتژی کاهش هزینه ها با 8 ارجاع، تدوین معیارهای انتخاب تامین کنندگان با 6 ارجاع، خلق ظرفیت درون سازمانی با 4 ارجاع، فرهنگ سازمانی با 4 ارجاع، پایش و ارزشیابی تامین کنندگان با 4 ارجاع، مدیریت دانش با 3 ارجاع اصلاح نظام استخدامی، آموزش و بهسازی نیروی انسانی با 3 ارجاع، مهندسی مجدد فرآیندهای منابع انسانی با تاکید بر ارتقای کیفیت با 3 ارجاع ، ارتقا بهره وری با 3 ارجاع ، شبکه سازی (همکاری های برون سازمانی) با 3 ارجاع، سیاستها و اسناد بالادستی با 2 ارجاع و پشتیبانی مدیریت ارشد با 1 ارجاع بالاترین تعداد ارجاعات را در متون پژوهشی داشتند.
المصادر:
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Alwani, M., & Farzad, A. (2008). Outsourcing (a guide for managers in outsourcing services). Tehran: Qaseidasera.
Armostrong, M. (2012). Human Resource Management Practice (12th edition). Sterling, USA: Kogan Page Ltd.
Awoloh, R. P., & Owusu-Manu, D. G. (2021). Assessing the effect of outsourcing on organizational Performance: A case study of Metro Mass Transit Ltd(Doctoral dissertation).
Bals, L. & Turkulainen, V. (2017). Achieving efficiency and effectiveness in purchasing and supply management: organization design and outsourcing. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 23 (4), 256-267.
Belcourt, M. (2006). Outsourcing: the benefits and the risks. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 269– 279.
Bertrand, O., & Mol, M. J. (2013). The antecedents and innovation effects of domestic and offshore R&D outsourcing: The contingent impact of cognitive distance and absorptive capacity. Strategic Management Journal, 34(6), 751-760.
K. V & Munivekatappa.(2015). A study of human resource outsourcing. International Journal in Commerce, IT & Social Sciences, 2(7).
Borges, R. (2013). Are public officials really less satisfied than private sector workers? A comparative study in Brazil. Revista de Administração Pública, 47 (6), 1477-1496.
Brown, T.L., Potoski, M. & Van Slyke, D. (2008). Managing public service contracts: aligning values, institutions, and markets. Public Administration Review, 66 (3), 323-331, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00590.x.
Bustinza, O. F., Molina, L. M., & Gutierrez‐Gutierrez, L. J. (2010). Outsourcing as seen from the perspective of knowledge management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 46(3), 23-39.
Damghanian, H., Keshavarz, M., Ismailian, H., and Zadeh Mohammad, Z. (2021). Investigating the relationship between demand uncertainty, strategic partnership and outsourcing of human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human Resource Development and Support Management Quarterly, 60, 55-82.
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Edvardsson, IR & Óskarsson. GK. (2021). Outsourcing of Human Resources: The Case of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Merits, 1(1):5-15.
Ellram, L. & Tate, W. (2015). Redefining supply management’s contribution in services sourcing. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 21 (1), 64-78.
Falagara Sigala, I. & Wakolbinger, T. (2019). "Outsourcing of humanitarian logistics to commercial logistics service providers: An empirical investigation", Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 9 (1), 47-69. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-12-2017-0073.
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Ganebnykh, E. Kozlova, L, & Stativa, E. (2021). HR-outsourcing in Natural resources sector. E3S Web of Conferences,244, 11026 (2021).
Gobble, M.M. (2013). Outsourcing innovation. Research-Technology Management, 56 (4), 64-67.
Gossler, T., Wakolbinger, T. & Burkart, C. (2020), "Outsourcing in humanitarian logistics – status quo and future directions", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 50 (4), 403-438. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-12-2018-0400.
Griffith, D.A., Harmancioglu, N. & Droge, C. (2009). Governance decisions for the offshore outsourcing of new product development in technology intensive markets. Journal of World Business, 44, 217-224.
Gurung, A., & Prater, E. (2017). A research framework for the impact of cultural differences on IT outsourcing. In Global sourcing of services: strategies, issues and challenges (49-82).
Haji Karimi, A.A, Jamalieh Bastami, B. (2008). Investigation and analysis of human resource outsourcing in new structures from the perspective of benefits and risks. The fourth human resources development conference. Tehran, Iran Industrial Development and Modernization Organization, Productivity and Human Resources Studies Institute
Handley, S. M., & Angst, C. M. (2015). The impact of culture on the relationship between governance and opportunism in outsourcing relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 36(9), 1412-1434.
Harland, C., Knight, L., Lamming, R. & Walker, H. (2005). Outsourcing: assessing the risks and benefits for organisations, sectors and nations. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 25 (9), 831-850, doi: 10.1108/01443570510613929.
Javalgi, R. R. G., Dixit, A., & Scherer, R. F. (2009). Outsourcing to emerging markets: Theoretical perspectives and policy implications. Journal of International Management, 15(2), 156-168.
Johansson, T. (2015). A critical appraisal of the current use of transaction cost explanations for government make-or-buy choices: towards a contingent theory and forms of tests. Public Management Review, 17 (5), 661-678, doi: 10.1080/14719037.2013.848922.
Kim, S. M., Anand, G., Larson, E. C., & Mahoney, J. (2019). Resource co-specialization in outsourcing of enterprise systems software: Impact on exchange success and firm growth. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 10(5), 1015-1046.
Kraus, K. & Lind, J. (2007). Management control in inter-organisational relationships. in Hopper, T., Northcott, D. and Scapens, R. (Eds), Issues in Management Accounting, Pearson, Harlow, 269-296.
Krishna, S., Sahay, S., & Walsham, G. (2004). Managing cross-cultural issues in global software outsourcing. Communications of the ACM, 47(4), 62-66.
Langfield-Smith, K., & Smith, D. (2003). Management control systems and trust in outsourcing relationships. Management accounting research, 14(3), 281-307.
Legget, C, (2007). From industrial relations to manpower planning: the transformations of Singapores industrial relations. Human resource management, 18(4): 642-664
Lepistö, S., Dobroszek, J., Lepistö, L., & Zarzycka, E. (2020). Controlling outsourced management accounting to build legitimacy. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 17(3), 435-463.
Mahmoodzadeh, E., Jalalinia, S., & Nekui Yazdi, F. (2009). A business process outsourcing framework based on business process management and knowledge management. Business Process Management Journal, 15(6), 845-864.
Maskell, P., Pedersen, T., Petersen, B. & Dick-Nielsen, J. (2007). Learning paths to offshore outsourcing: from cost reduction to knowledge seeking. Industry and Innovation, 14 (3), 239-257.
McIvor, R. (2000). A practical framework for understanding the outsourcing process. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 5 (1), 22-36.
Mehmood, F. & Zulfqar, S.(2021). Effect of Human Related Factors on Requirements Change Management in Offshore Software Development Outsourcing: A theoretical framework. Soft Computing and Machine Intelligence Journal, 1 (1).
Moreno, V., Coelho, M. A., & Pitassi, C. (2020). Outsourcing of IT and Absorptive Capacity: A Multiple Case Study in the Brazilian Insurance Sector. Brazilian Business Review, 17, 97-113.
Moschuris, S.J. (2008). Organizational participants in the make-or-buy process. Industrial Marketing Management, 37 (2), 143-153.
Mouritsen, J. & Thrane, S. (2006). Accounting, network complementarities and the development of inter-organisational relations’, accounting. Organizations and Society, 31 (3), 241-275.
Musonda, I. & Okoro, C.S. (2022), "A hermeneutic research on project management approaches applied in a business process re-engineering project", Business Process Management Journal, 28 (8), 66-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-11-2021-069.
Nurmala, N., De Vries, J. and De Leeuw, S. (2018). Cross-sector humanitarian–business partnerships in managing humanitarian logistics: an empirical verification. International Journal of Production Research, 56 (21), 6842-6858.
Oliveira, L.B. & Costa, E.M.T.C.M.d. (2019), "Comparing attitudes of public servants and outsourced employees", RAUSP Management Journal, 54 (1), 38-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-07-2018-0049.
Palley, T. (2008). The economics of outsourcing: How should policy respond?. Review of Social Economy, 66(3), 279-295.
Petersen, O.H., Christensen, L.R. & Houlberg, K. (2015). Contracting out local services: a tale of technical and social services. Public Administration Review, 75 (4), 560-570, doi: 10.1111/puar.12367.
Platts, K., W., Probert, D., R., L. & Canez, (2002). Make vs buy decisions: a process incorporating multi-attribute decision-making. International Journal of Production Economics, 77 (3), 247-257, doi: 10.1016/S0925-5273(00)00177-8.
Potapiuk, I. & Diukariev, D. (2021). Hr-outsourcing: modern approach to enterprise management. Modern Science
Quinn, J.B. (2000). Outsourcing innovation: new engine of growth. Sloan Management Review, 41 (4), 13-28.
Rahnavard, F., & Khavand Kar, J. (2009). Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Success of IT Outsourcing. Journal of Information Technology Management, 1(1).
Raymond, J. (2008). Benchmarking in public procurement. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 15 (6), 782-793, doi: 10.1108/14635770810915940.
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Sim, S.C., Kaliannan, M. and Avvari, M. (2021). Conceptualising HR outsourcing effectiveness and scale development of HROSERVPERF using PLS-SEM. Benchmarking: An International Journal, ahead-of-print.
Sundquist, V., Hulthén, K. & Gadde, L.E. (2015). Economic consequences of alternative make-or-buy configurations. Industrial Marketing Management, 46, 98-107.
Taponen, S. & Kauppi, K. (2020), "Service outsourcing decisions – a process framework", Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 13 (2), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-02-2019-0012.
Tomasini, R.M. & Van Wassenhove, L.N. (2009). From preparedness to partnerships: case study research on humanitarian logistics. International Transactions in Operational Research, 16 (5), 549-559.
Ugnė, D., Žitkienė, R., Jurevičienė, D. Skvarciany, V. & Lapinskaite, I. (2021). Evaluation of Outsourcing Development in the Service Sector. Economies, 9(2) 44.
Un, C. A. (2017). Absorptive capacity and R&D outsourcing. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 43, 34-47.
Weeks, M. R., & Thomason, S. (2011). An exploratory assessment of the linkages between HRM practices, absorptive capacity, and innovation in outsourcing relationships. International Journal of Innovation Management, 15(02), 303-334.
Williams, A.M., Lau, F. & McCue, C.P. (2018). Acknowledging knowledge: the perception of knowledge requirements for public procurement officials and their professional development. Journal of Public Procurement, 18 (1), 50-67, available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-03-2018-004.
Yadav, S.K.S., & Joshiya, V.K.(2021). Human Resources Practices for Retention in Business Process Outsourcing Industry in National Capital Region. International Journal of Trade and Commerce, 10(1) 38-50.
Yeo, C. & Saboori-Deilami, V. (2017). "Strategic challenges of outsourcing innovation in global market", Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11 (1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-04-2017-017.
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_||_
Aguezzoul, A. (2014). Third-party logistics selection problem: a literature review on criteria and methods. Omega, 49, 69-78, available at: sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305048314000711?via%3Dihub.
Alwani, M., & Farzad, A. (2008). Outsourcing (a guide for managers in outsourcing services). Tehran: Qaseidasera.
Armostrong, M. (2012). Human Resource Management Practice (12th edition). Sterling, USA: Kogan Page Ltd.
Awoloh, R. P., & Owusu-Manu, D. G. (2021). Assessing the effect of outsourcing on organizational Performance: A case study of Metro Mass Transit Ltd(Doctoral dissertation).
Bals, L. & Turkulainen, V. (2017). Achieving efficiency and effectiveness in purchasing and supply management: organization design and outsourcing. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 23 (4), 256-267.
Belcourt, M. (2006). Outsourcing: the benefits and the risks. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 269– 279.
Bertrand, O., & Mol, M. J. (2013). The antecedents and innovation effects of domestic and offshore R&D outsourcing: The contingent impact of cognitive distance and absorptive capacity. Strategic Management Journal, 34(6), 751-760.
K. V & Munivekatappa.(2015). A study of human resource outsourcing. International Journal in Commerce, IT & Social Sciences, 2(7).
Borges, R. (2013). Are public officials really less satisfied than private sector workers? A comparative study in Brazil. Revista de Administração Pública, 47 (6), 1477-1496.
Brown, T.L., Potoski, M. & Van Slyke, D. (2008). Managing public service contracts: aligning values, institutions, and markets. Public Administration Review, 66 (3), 323-331, doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00590.x.
Bustinza, O. F., Molina, L. M., & Gutierrez‐Gutierrez, L. J. (2010). Outsourcing as seen from the perspective of knowledge management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 46(3), 23-39.
Damghanian, H., Keshavarz, M., Ismailian, H., and Zadeh Mohammad, Z. (2021). Investigating the relationship between demand uncertainty, strategic partnership and outsourcing of human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human Resource Development and Support Management Quarterly, 60, 55-82.
Dess, G.G. Rasheed, A.M. A. McLaughlin, K.J. Priem, R.L. and Robinson, G. (1995). The new corporate architecture. Engineering management Review, 9, 7-18.
Edvardsson, IR & Óskarsson. GK. (2021). Outsourcing of Human Resources: The Case of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Merits, 1(1):5-15.
Ellram, L. & Tate, W. (2015). Redefining supply management’s contribution in services sourcing. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 21 (1), 64-78.
Falagara Sigala, I. & Wakolbinger, T. (2019). "Outsourcing of humanitarian logistics to commercial logistics service providers: An empirical investigation", Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 9 (1), 47-69. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHLSCM-12-2017-0073.
Flowers, G.M.(2021). Human Resources and Outsourcing: An Exploratory Case Study of Employee Concerns. University of Phoenix, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 283.
Ganebnykh, E. Kozlova, L, & Stativa, E. (2021). HR-outsourcing in Natural resources sector. E3S Web of Conferences,244, 11026 (2021).
Gobble, M.M. (2013). Outsourcing innovation. Research-Technology Management, 56 (4), 64-67.
Gossler, T., Wakolbinger, T. & Burkart, C. (2020), "Outsourcing in humanitarian logistics – status quo and future directions", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 50 (4), 403-438. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-12-2018-0400.
Griffith, D.A., Harmancioglu, N. & Droge, C. (2009). Governance decisions for the offshore outsourcing of new product development in technology intensive markets. Journal of World Business, 44, 217-224.
Gurung, A., & Prater, E. (2017). A research framework for the impact of cultural differences on IT outsourcing. In Global sourcing of services: strategies, issues and challenges (49-82).
Haji Karimi, A.A, Jamalieh Bastami, B. (2008). Investigation and analysis of human resource outsourcing in new structures from the perspective of benefits and risks. The fourth human resources development conference. Tehran, Iran Industrial Development and Modernization Organization, Productivity and Human Resources Studies Institute
Handley, S. M., & Angst, C. M. (2015). The impact of culture on the relationship between governance and opportunism in outsourcing relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 36(9), 1412-1434.
Harland, C., Knight, L., Lamming, R. & Walker, H. (2005). Outsourcing: assessing the risks and benefits for organisations, sectors and nations. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 25 (9), 831-850, doi: 10.1108/01443570510613929.
Javalgi, R. R. G., Dixit, A., & Scherer, R. F. (2009). Outsourcing to emerging markets: Theoretical perspectives and policy implications. Journal of International Management, 15(2), 156-168.
Johansson, T. (2015). A critical appraisal of the current use of transaction cost explanations for government make-or-buy choices: towards a contingent theory and forms of tests. Public Management Review, 17 (5), 661-678, doi: 10.1080/14719037.2013.848922.
Kim, S. M., Anand, G., Larson, E. C., & Mahoney, J. (2019). Resource co-specialization in outsourcing of enterprise systems software: Impact on exchange success and firm growth. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 10(5), 1015-1046.
Kraus, K. & Lind, J. (2007). Management control in inter-organisational relationships. in Hopper, T., Northcott, D. and Scapens, R. (Eds), Issues in Management Accounting, Pearson, Harlow, 269-296.
Krishna, S., Sahay, S., & Walsham, G. (2004). Managing cross-cultural issues in global software outsourcing. Communications of the ACM, 47(4), 62-66.
Langfield-Smith, K., & Smith, D. (2003). Management control systems and trust in outsourcing relationships. Management accounting research, 14(3), 281-307.
Legget, C, (2007). From industrial relations to manpower planning: the transformations of Singapores industrial relations. Human resource management, 18(4): 642-664
Lepistö, S., Dobroszek, J., Lepistö, L., & Zarzycka, E. (2020). Controlling outsourced management accounting to build legitimacy. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 17(3), 435-463.
Mahmoodzadeh, E., Jalalinia, S., & Nekui Yazdi, F. (2009). A business process outsourcing framework based on business process management and knowledge management. Business Process Management Journal, 15(6), 845-864.
Maskell, P., Pedersen, T., Petersen, B. & Dick-Nielsen, J. (2007). Learning paths to offshore outsourcing: from cost reduction to knowledge seeking. Industry and Innovation, 14 (3), 239-257.
McIvor, R. (2000). A practical framework for understanding the outsourcing process. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 5 (1), 22-36.
Mehmood, F. & Zulfqar, S.(2021). Effect of Human Related Factors on Requirements Change Management in Offshore Software Development Outsourcing: A theoretical framework. Soft Computing and Machine Intelligence Journal, 1 (1).
Moreno, V., Coelho, M. A., & Pitassi, C. (2020). Outsourcing of IT and Absorptive Capacity: A Multiple Case Study in the Brazilian Insurance Sector. Brazilian Business Review, 17, 97-113.
Moschuris, S.J. (2008). Organizational participants in the make-or-buy process. Industrial Marketing Management, 37 (2), 143-153.
Mouritsen, J. & Thrane, S. (2006). Accounting, network complementarities and the development of inter-organisational relations’, accounting. Organizations and Society, 31 (3), 241-275.
Musonda, I. & Okoro, C.S. (2022), "A hermeneutic research on project management approaches applied in a business process re-engineering project", Business Process Management Journal, 28 (8), 66-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-11-2021-069.
Nurmala, N., De Vries, J. and De Leeuw, S. (2018). Cross-sector humanitarian–business partnerships in managing humanitarian logistics: an empirical verification. International Journal of Production Research, 56 (21), 6842-6858.
Oliveira, L.B. & Costa, E.M.T.C.M.d. (2019), "Comparing attitudes of public servants and outsourced employees", RAUSP Management Journal, 54 (1), 38-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-07-2018-0049.
Palley, T. (2008). The economics of outsourcing: How should policy respond?. Review of Social Economy, 66(3), 279-295.
Petersen, O.H., Christensen, L.R. & Houlberg, K. (2015). Contracting out local services: a tale of technical and social services. Public Administration Review, 75 (4), 560-570, doi: 10.1111/puar.12367.
Platts, K., W., Probert, D., R., L. & Canez, (2002). Make vs buy decisions: a process incorporating multi-attribute decision-making. International Journal of Production Economics, 77 (3), 247-257, doi: 10.1016/S0925-5273(00)00177-8.
Potapiuk, I. & Diukariev, D. (2021). Hr-outsourcing: modern approach to enterprise management. Modern Science
Quinn, J.B. (2000). Outsourcing innovation: new engine of growth. Sloan Management Review, 41 (4), 13-28.
Rahnavard, F., & Khavand Kar, J. (2009). Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Success of IT Outsourcing. Journal of Information Technology Management, 1(1).
Raymond, J. (2008). Benchmarking in public procurement. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 15 (6), 782-793, doi: 10.1108/14635770810915940.
Reichel, A., & Lazarova, M. (2021). Human Resource Management Outsourcing. In The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Approaches to Human Resource Management (pp. 582-603). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190861162.013.27
Sim, S.C., Kaliannan, M. and Avvari, M. (2021). Conceptualising HR outsourcing effectiveness and scale development of HROSERVPERF using PLS-SEM. Benchmarking: An International Journal, ahead-of-print.
Sundquist, V., Hulthén, K. & Gadde, L.E. (2015). Economic consequences of alternative make-or-buy configurations. Industrial Marketing Management, 46, 98-107.
Taponen, S. & Kauppi, K. (2020), "Service outsourcing decisions – a process framework", Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 13 (2), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-02-2019-0012.
Tomasini, R.M. & Van Wassenhove, L.N. (2009). From preparedness to partnerships: case study research on humanitarian logistics. International Transactions in Operational Research, 16 (5), 549-559.
Ugnė, D., Žitkienė, R., Jurevičienė, D. Skvarciany, V. & Lapinskaite, I. (2021). Evaluation of Outsourcing Development in the Service Sector. Economies, 9(2) 44.
Un, C. A. (2017). Absorptive capacity and R&D outsourcing. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 43, 34-47.
Weeks, M. R., & Thomason, S. (2011). An exploratory assessment of the linkages between HRM practices, absorptive capacity, and innovation in outsourcing relationships. International Journal of Innovation Management, 15(02), 303-334.
Williams, A.M., Lau, F. & McCue, C.P. (2018). Acknowledging knowledge: the perception of knowledge requirements for public procurement officials and their professional development. Journal of Public Procurement, 18 (1), 50-67, available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-03-2018-004.
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