استفاده از پیشرفت های جدید فناوری نانو در کشاورزی
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار، گروه شیمی، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: کشاورزی, نانوتکنولوژی, بیوسنسورها, نانوکودها, نانو علف‌کش‌ها,
ملخص المقالة :
کشاورزی، موادغذایی و مواد خام را برای صنایع ساختمانی، انرژی، نساجی و داروسازی فراهم می‌کند. اخیراً کشاورزی با نگرانی‌های زیادی ازجمله تغییرات آب و هوایی، تخریب خاک، کاهش دسترسی به زمین، شهرنشینی، استفاده ناپایدار از منابع طبیعی، استفاده بیش‌ازحد از مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی، از دست دادن تنوع زیستی و آلودگی هوا مواجه بوده است. این مسائل هشداردهنده نیاز به مداخلات قوی دارد. شیوه‌های کشاورزی مرسوم نمی‌توانند این چالش‌ها را مدیریت کنند، زیرا پیچیده، نیازمند به کار فشرده، زمان‌بر، کم بازده، نیازهای زیاد به مواد مغذی محصول و غیر هدفمند هستند. علاوه بر این، استفاده ناکارآمد از مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی تهدیدی جدی برای اکوسیستم است؛ بنابراین دانشمندان، کشاورزان و سیاست‌گذاران، به‌طور دائم، در جستجوی تکنیک‌های جدید برای مبارزه با چالش‌های موجود هستند. نانوتکنولوژی به‌عنوان ناجی جدید کشاورزی پایدار در حال ظهور است. علاوه بر کشاورزی دقیق، از نانوحسگرها، برای تشخیص پاتوژن‌های گیاهی و آنالیت‌های مضر شیمیایی در مزارع کشاورزی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، نانو رباتیک‌ها و نانو بارکدها نیز تأثیر عمیقی بر شیوه‌های کشاورزی برای افزایش بازده نشان داده‌اند. کاربردهای عظیم نانوابزارها در کشاورزی به‌طور گسترده در تصویربرداری زیستی، سنجش، فوتوکاتالیز و تحویل مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی نقش دارد. این بررسی به‌طور جامع کاربردهای متنوع و عظیم نانوتکنولوژی در غلبه بر چالش‌های شیوه‌های متداول زراعی و چشم‌انداز آینده نانوتکنولوژی در کشاورزی را مورد بحث قرار می‌دهد.
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6. Roberts DP, Mattoo AK. Sustainable crop production systems and human nutrition. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2019; 3: 72.
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8. Joshi H, Choudhary P, Mundra SL. Future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 2019; 7(2): 957-63.
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13. Chen YW, Lee HV, Juan JC, Phang SM. Production of new cellulose nanomaterial from red algae marine biomass Gelidium elegans. Carbohydrate polymers. 2016; 151: 1210-9.
14. Li Y, Cu YT, Luo D. Multiplexed detection of pathogen DNA with DNA-based fluorescence nanobarcodes. Nature biotechnology. 2005; 23(7): 885-9.
15. Yadav N, Garg VK, Chhillar AK, Rana JS. Recent advances in nanotechnology for the improvement of conventional agricultural systems: A Review. Plant Nano Biology. 2023; 18:100032.
16. Lowry GV, Avellan A, Gilbertson LM. Opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology in the agri-tech revolution. Nature nanotechnology. 2019; 14(6): 517-22.
17. Beketov MA, Kefford BJ, Schäfer RB, Liess M. Pesticides reduce regional biodiversity of stream invertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013; 110(27): 11039-43.
18. Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. science. 2008; 321(5891):926-9.
19. Klarich KL, Pflug NC, DeWald EM, Hladik ML, Kolpin DW, Cwiertny DM, LeFevre GH. Occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in finished drinking water and fate during drinking water treatment. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017; 4(5): 168-73.
20. Schillberg S, Finnern R. Plant molecular farming for the production of valuable proteins–Critical evaluation of achievements and future challenges. Journal of plant physiology. 2021; 258: 153359.
21. Hirsch AM, Valdés M. Micromonospora: An important microbe for biomedicine and potentially for biocontrol and biofuels. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2010; 42(4): 536-42.
22. Joshi H, Choudhary P, Mundra SL. Future prospects of nanotechnology in agriculture. Int. J. Chem. Stud. 2019; 7(2): 957-63.
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24. Rai, V., Acharya, S., & Dey, N. Implications of nanobiosensors in agriculture. 2012.
25. Duhan JS, Kumar R, Kumar N, Kaur P, Nehra K, Duhan S. Nanotechnology: The new perspective in precision agriculture. Biotechnology Reports. 2017; 15: 11-23.
26. Scott NR. Nanotechnology and animal health. Revue Scientifique Et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties. 2005; 24(1): 425.
27. Pandey G. Challenges and future prospects of agri-nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture in India. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2018; 11: 299-307.
28. Mittal D, Kaur G, Singh P, Yadav K, Ali SA. Nanoparticle-based sustainable agriculture and food science: Recent advances and future outlook. Frontiers in Nanotechnology. 2020; 2: 579954.
29. Gilbertson LM, Pourzahedi L, Laughton S, Gao X, Zimmerman JB, Theis TL, Westerhoff P, Lowry GV. Guiding the design space for nanotechnology to advance sustainable crop production. Nature nanotechnology. 2020; 15(9): 801-10.
30. Giraldo JP, Wu H, Newkirk GM, Kruss S. Nanobiotechnology approaches for engineering smart plant sensors. Nature nanotechnology. 2019; 14(6): 541-53.
31. Hochella Jr MF, Lower SK, Maurice PA, Penn RL, Sahai N, Sparks DL, Twining BS. Nanominerals, mineral nanoparticles, and earth systems. science. 2008; 319(5870): 1631-5.
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