مدل¬یابی رابطه تروما و اختلال خوردن با میانجی‌گری معنای زندگی و اجتناب تجربه¬ای در دانشجویان
الموضوعات :
هادی خیرآبادی
1
,
محمود جاجرمی
2
,
ابوالفضل بخشی پور
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مشاوره، واحد بجنورد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بجنورد، ایران
2 - استادیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد بجنورد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بجنورد، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد بجنورد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بجنورد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: دانشجویان, تروما, اجتناب تجربه¬ای, معنای زندگی, اختلال خوردن.,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف این پژوهش، مدل¬یابی رابطه تروما و اختلال خوردن با میانجی¬گری معنای زندگی و اجتناب تجربه¬ای در دانشجویان بود. روش تحقیق توصیفی از نوع مدل¬های ساختاری همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه دانشجویان در حال تحصیل دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد بود. برای انجام این پژوهش از بین شاغلین به تحصیل در سال 2020-2019 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد با روش نمونه گیری خوشه¬ای چند مرحله¬ای، 387 نفر انتخاب شدند. آزمودنی¬ها پرسشنامه¬های استاندارد نگرش به خوردن (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979)، اجتناب تجربه¬ای چندبعدی (Gamez et al., 2011)، پرسش نامه معناي زندگي (Steger & Shin, 2010) و رویدادهای زندگی تروماتیک (Kubany et al., 2000) را تکمیل نمودند. داده¬ها با نرم افزار آماری SPSS-23 و AMOS-23 تجزیه و تحلیل شد. سطح معنی¬داری در تحلیل مدل اثر کامل و مدل اثر میانجی معنی¬دار بود (کوچکتر از 01/0). نتایج تحلیل مدل اثر کامل نشان داد که متغیر تروما به صورت مستقیم و در جهت مثبت با متغیر اختلال خوردن رابطه دارد. همچنین نتایج تحلیل مدل اثر میانجی نشان داد که در رابطه تروما با اختلال خوردن، اجتناب تجربه¬ای در جهت مثبت و به صورت جزئی و معنای زندگی در جهت منفی و به صورت جزئی میانجی¬گری می¬کنند.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th Ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
American Psychological Association. (2014). Trauma. Retrieved from: http://www.apa.org/topics/ trauma/index.aspx.Archives of Suicide Research, 9, 147-151.
Aoun, A., Garcia, F. D., Mounzer, C., Hlais, S., Grigioni, S., Honein, K., & Dechelotte, P. (2013). War stress may be another risk factor for eating disorders in civilians: A study in Lebanese University Students. General Hospital Psychiatry, 35(4), 393-397.
Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A. J., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(7), 724-731.
Bramford, B., & Sly, Richard. (2009). Exploring quality of life in the eating disorders. Advance online publication. Wiley InterScience
Breen, W. E., & Kashdan, T. B. (2011). Anger suppression after imagined rejection among individuals with social anxiety. Journal of anxiety disorders, 25(7), 879-887.
Brewerton, T. D., Rance, S. J., Dansky, B. S., O'Neil, P. M., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2014). A comparison of women with child.adolescent versus adult onset binge eating: Results from the national women's study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(7), 836-843.
Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(3), 521-527.
Collins, B., Fischer, S., Stojek, M., & Becker, K. (2014). The relationship of thought suppression and recent rape to disordered eating in emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 37(2), 113-121.
Cowdrey, F. A., & Park, R. J. (2012). The role of experiential avoidance, rumination and mindfulness in eating disorders. Eating behaviors, 13(2), 100-105.
Creamer, M., Burgess, P.M., & McFarlane, A.C. 2001. Post-traumatic stress disorder: findings from the Australian national survey of mental health and wellbeing. Psychological Medicine, 31(7): 1237–1247.
Cusack, A. (2014). The relationship between acceptance, thought suppression, and eating disordered behavior in an adult eating disorders population. Dissertation Abstracts International, 74, 8-B (E).
Fontana, A., & Rosenheck, R. (2005). The role of loss of meaning in the pursuit of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2), 133-136.
Fox, A. P., & Leung, N. (2009). Existential well-being in younger and older people with anorexia nervosa – A preliminary investigation. European Eating Disorders Review, 17, 24-30.
Frazier, P., Conlon, A., Steger, M., Tashiro, T., & Glaser, T. (2006). Positive life changes following sexual assault: A replication and extension. In G. D. Kume (Ed.), Posttraumatic stress: New research (pp. 1-22).
Gamez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011). Development of a measure of experiential avoidance: The Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance.
Garfinkel P. E., & Newman, A. (2001). The Eating Attitudes Test: Twenty-five years later. Eating and Weight Disorders, 6, 1–24.
Garner, D. M., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological medicine, 9(2), 273-279.
Garner, D. M., Rosen, L. W., & Barry, D. (1998). Eating disorders among athletes: Research and recommendations. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 7(4), 839-857.
Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the Third Wave of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 639-665.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.) New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168.
Ho, M. Y., Cheung, F. M., & Cheung, S. F. (2010). The role of meaning in life and Optimism in promoting well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(1), 658-663.
Juarascio, A., Shaw, J., Forman, E., Timko, C. A., Herbert, J., Butryn, M., & Lowe, M. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a novel treatment for eating disorders: An initial test of efficacy and mediation. Behavior Modification, 37(4), 459-489.
Kashdan, T. B., & Breen, W. E. (2008). Social anxiety and positive emotions: A prospective examination of a self-regulatory model with tendencies to suppress or express emotions as a moderating variable. Behavior Therapy, 39(1), 1-12.
Kashdan, T. B., & Kane, J. Q. (2011). Post-traumatic distress and the presence of post-traumatic growth and meaning in life: Experiential avoidance as a moderator. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), 84-89.
Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1301-1320.
Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 criteria. Journal of traumatic stress, 26(5), 537-547.
Krause, N. (2005). Traumatic events and meaning in life: Exploring variations in three age cohorts. Ageing & Society, 25(4), 501-524.
Kubany, e. (1995). The traumatic life events questionnaire (TLEQ): a brief measure of prior trauma exposure. Unpublished scale.
Kubany, E. S., Leisen, M. B., Kaplan, A. S., Watson, S. B., Haynes, S. N., Owens, J. A., & Burns, K. (2000). Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Psychological assessment, 12(2), 210.
Lejonclou, A., Nilsson, D., & Holmqvist, R. (2014). Variants of potentially traumatizing life events in eating disorder patients. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(6), 661-667.
Lewis, M., & Naugle, A. (2017). Measuring experiential avoidance: Evidence toward multidimensional predictors of trauma sequelae. Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 9.
Marx, B., & Sloan, D. (2005). Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 569-583.
McVandy, M ., McVandy, b. (2016). The Relationship between Experimental Avoidance and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in Students of Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 14 (6), 681-689. [Persian].
Mesrabadi, J., Jafariyan, S., & Ostovar, N. (2013). Discriminative and construct validity of meaning in life questionnaire for Iranian students. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 83-90.
Mitchell, K. S., Mazzeo, S. E., Schlesinger, M. R., Brewerton, T. D., & Smith, B. N. (2012). Comorbidity of partial and subthreshold PTSD among men and women with eating disorders in the national comorbidity survey-replication study. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 45(3), 307-315. doi: 10.1002/eat.20965
Mollazadeh Esfanjani R, Arazi H, Rohi S, Mohammadi M. (2012). Effects of Aerobic Training on Eating Disorders in Non-athlete Female Students. JSSU, 20 (3), 322-31. [Persian].
Moradi, A., Barghi Irani, Z., Begian Koule Marz, M., Kariminejad, K. & Zabet M. (2017). Determining the Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Multidimensional experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Journal of Social Cognition, 6(2). [Persian].
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Eating disorders: About more than food (No. 11-4901) (2014) Available at: www.nimh.nih.gov/ health/publications/eating-disorders/eating-disorders.pdf
Norris, F. H. (1992). Epidemiology of trauma: frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 60(3), 409.
Owens, G. P., Steger, M. F., Whitesell, A. A., & Herrera, C. J. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder, guilt, depression, and meaning in life among military veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 22(6), 654-657.
Pahlevan Sharif, S., Mahdavian, V. (2018). Modeling structural equations with AMOS. Tehran: Bisheh Publications. [Persian].
Plumb, J. C., Orsillo, S. M., & Luterek, J. A. (2004). A preliminary test of the role of experiential avoidance in post-event functioning. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 35(3), 245-257.
Rawal, A., Park, R. J., & Williams, J. G. (2010). Rumination, experiential avoidance, and dysfunctional thinking in eating disorders. Behavior Research and Therapy, 48(9), 851-859.
Reddy, M., Pickett, S., & Orcutt, H. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a mediator in the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms in college students. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6, 67-85.
Resnick, H.S, Kilpatrick, D.G, Dansky, B.S, Saunders, B.E, & Best, C.L. 1993. Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61: 984–991.
Rosario, W. B. (2009). Estimating the development of risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of eating disorders and substance abuse in military personnel. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A, 70, 486.
Rosenthal, M., Hall, M., Palm, K., Batten, S., & Follette, V. (2005). Chronic avoidance helps explain the relationship between severity of childhood sexual abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14, 25-41.
Smith, J. M. (2019). Depressive rumination as experiential avoidance (Doctoral dissertation, Temple University Libraries).
Steger, M.F., Frazier, P.A., & Zacchanini, J.L. (2008). Terrorism in two cultures: Stress and growth following September 11 and the Madrid train bombings. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 13, 511–527.
Tagay, S., Schlegl, S., & Senf, W. (2010). Traumatic events, posttraumatic stress symptomatology and somatoform symptoms in eating disorder patients. European Eating Disorders Review: the Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 18(2), 124-132. doi: 10.1002/erv.972.
Tagay, S., Schlottbohm, E., Reyes-Rodriguez, M. L., Repic, N., & Senf, W. (2014). Eating disorders, trauma, PTSD, and psychosocial resources. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, 22(1), 33-49.
Tedeschi, R. G., Park, C. L., & Calhoun, L. G. (Eds.). (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. Routledge.
Yalom ID. (1980). Existential Psychotherapy. New York: Basic books.
