اثربخشی آموزش مهارت حل مسأله بر استرس
الموضوعات :
محسن شکوهی یکتا
1
(
عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه تهران
)
اکرم پرند
2
(
عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه تهران
)
سعید اکبری زردخانه
3
(
دانشجوی دکتری سنجش و اندازه گیری دانشگاه تهران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: سبک فرزندپروری, مهارت‌های حل مسأله, استرس والدینی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر ارزیابی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت حل مسأله بر کاهش استرس‌های والدینی و سبک فرزندپروری آنان است. روش پژوهش شبه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون ـ پس‌آزمون تک‌گروهی است. جامعۀ آماری را والدین دانش‌آموزان مدارس غیرانتفاعی شهر تهران تشکیل می‌دادند که از بین آنها والدین 33دانش‌آموز به شیوۀ در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش دو پرسشنامۀ میزان استرس‌های والدین (شکوهی‌یکتا و پرند، 1386 ب) و روش‌های فرزندپروری (شکوهی‌یکتا و پرند، 1386) بودند. والدین در کارگاههای آموزشی تربیت کودک اندیشمند شرکت کردند. والدین در این کارگاهها در زمینۀ استفاده از روش حل مسأله برای تغییر فرایند شناختی خود در رویارویی با رفتارهای چالش‌برانگیز کودکان و واکنش مناسب نسبت به رفتار کودکان خود آموزش دیدند. کارگاهها به مدت 10 جلسۀ دوساعته و یک روز در هفته برگزار می‌شدند. از والدین توسط پرسشنامه‌ها قبل از شروع کارگاه، پیش‌آزمون و همچنین در پایان دورۀ آموزشی پس‌آزمون گرفته شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری (55/0=2η، 05/0P < ) نشان داد که آموزش در بهبود 3 مؤلفه تنبیه و توبیخ، توصیۀ بدون توضیح و حل مسأله تأثیر معناداری داشته است. لذا می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که از آموزش حل مسأله به والدین به‌عنوان شیوه‌ای برای بهبود روش‌های تربیتی آنان در تربیت کودکان می‌توان استفاده کرد.
Anthony, L.G., Anthony, B.J., Glanville, D.N., Naiman, D.Q., Waanders, C., & Shaffer, S. (2005). The Relationships between Parenting Stress, Parenting Behaviour and Preschoolers’ Social Competence and Behaviour Problems in the Classroom. Infant and Child Development Inf. Child Dev. 14: 133–154. DOI: 10.1002/icd.385.
Bogels, S.M., & Siqueland, L. (2006). Family cognitive behavior therapy for children and adolescents with clinical anxiety disorders. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(2), 134–141.
Bond, D.S., Lyle, R.M. Tappe, M.K., Seehafer, R.S., & D\'Zurilla, T.J. (2002). Moderate aerobic exercise, T\'ai Chi, and social problem-solving ability in relation to psychological stress. International Journal of Stress Management, 9, 329-343.
Bridge, J.A., Goldstein, T.R., & Brent, D.A. (2006). Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 372–394.
Brunwasser, S.M., Gill ham, J.E., & Kim, E.S. (2009). A met a analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Program\'s effect on depressive symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1042–1054.
Chang, Y., & Fine, M.A. (2007). Modeling parenting stress trajectories among low-income young mothers across the child’s second and third years: Factors accounting for stability and change. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 584–594.
Cheng, S.K. (2001). Life stress, problem solving, perfectionism, and depressive symptoms in Chinese. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 303-310.
Crawford A, Manassis, K. (2001). Familial predictors of treatment outcome in childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40: 1182–1189.
Frye, A.A., & Goodman, S.H. (2000). Which social problem- solving components buffer depression in adolescent girls? Cognitive Therapy\' and Research, 24, 637-550.
Greaven, S.H., Santor, D.A., Thompson, R., Zuroff, D.C. (2000). Adolescent self-Handicapping, depressive affect and maternal parenting styles. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(6).
Hamarta, E. (2009). A prediction of self-esteem and life satisfaction by social problem solving. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 37(1), 73-82.
Hee Sun, S., & Jeong Mee, K. (2010). Analysis of Relationships between Parenting Stress, Maternal Depression, and Behavioral Problems in Children at Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. J Korean Acad, 40(3): 453-461.
Hintermair, M. (2006). Parental resources, parental stress, and socioemotional development of deaf and hard of hearing children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11, 493–513.
Karrass, J., VanDeventer, M., Braungart-Riker, J. (2003). Predicting shared parent–child book reading in infancy. Journal of Family Psychology 17: 134–146.
Kazdin, A.E., Siegel, T.C. & Bass, D. (1992). Cognitive problem solving skills training and parent management training in the treatment of antisocial behavior in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Child Psychology, 60(5), 733-747.
Kazdin, A.E., Whitley, M.K. (2003). Treatment of parental stress to enhance therapeutic change among children referred for aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(3), 504-515.
Krulik, T., Turner-Henson, A., Kanematsu, Y., Al-Ma\'aitah, R., Swan, J., Holaday, B. (1999). Parenting stress and mothers of young children with chrinic illness: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 14(2), 130-140.
Kücüker, S. (2006). The family-focused early intervention programme: evaluation of parental stress and depression. Early Child Development and Care, 176(3&4), 329-341.
Lee, R.A., Sue, J, Yoshida, E. (2005). Coping with intergenerational family conflict among American college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), pp: 389-399.
Lundahl, B., Risser, H.J., & Lovejoy, M.C. (2006). A meta-analysis of parent training: Moderators and follow-up effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 86–104.
McBurnett, K., & Pfiffner, L. (2008). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Concepts, controversies, new directions. New York: Informa Health Care.
Meesters, C., Muris, P. (2004). Perceived parental rearing behaviors and coping in young adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(3), 513-522.
Misri, S., & Reebye, P. (2006). The impact of treatment intervention on parenting stress in postpartum depressed mothers: a prospective study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 76(1): 115-119.
Moore, P.S., Whaley, S.E., & Sigman, M. (2004). Interactions between mothers and children: impacts of maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 471–476.
Neitzel, C., & Stright, A.D. (2004). Parenting behaviours during child problem solving: The roles of child temperament, mother education and personality, and the problem-solving context. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 28(2): 166–179
Nezu, A.M. (2004). Problem Solving and Behavior Therapy Revisited. Behavior Therapy, 35, 1-33.
Olghan-Abadi, M., Kimiaee, A., & Amir, F. (2011).The relationship between parents’ child rearing style and their children quality of life and mental health. Journal of Psychology, 3,230 -234.
Pakenham, K.I., Bursnall, S. (2006). Relationship between social support, appraisal and coping and both positive and negative outcomes for children of a parent with multiple sclerosis and comparison with children of healthy parents. Clinical Rehabilitation, 20(8), 709-723.
Pakenham, K.I., Smith, A.R., Rattan, S.L. (2007). Application of a stress and coping model to antenatal depressive symptomatology. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 12(3), 266-277.
Pinderhughes, E.E., Dodge, K.A., Bates, J.A., Pettit GS, Zelli A. (2000). Discipline responses: Influence of parents’ socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology 14: 380–400.
Rogers, H., Cann, W., Cameron, D., Littlefield, L., & Lagioia, V. (2003). Evaluation of the family intervention service for children presenting with characteristics associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of mental Health. 2(3).
Ross, M.E., Aday, L.A. (2006). Stress and coping in African American grandparents who are raising their grandchildren. Journal of Family Issues, 27(7), 912-932.
Sanders, M.R., & McFarland, M. (2000). The treatment of depressed mothers with disruptive children: A comparison of parent training and cognitive behavioral family intervention. Behavior Therapy, 31, 89-112.
Shieck, N. (2006). Parenting style and is correlates. Genetic social, general psychology monographs. 125(3): 269-297.
Shokoohi Yekta, M., Parand, A., & Ahmadi, A. (2011). Effects of teaching problem solving strategies to parents of pre-teens: a study of family relationship. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15, 957–960
Shechtman, Z., Gilat, I. (2005). The effectiveness of counseling groups in reducing stress of parents of children with learning disabilities. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and practice, 9(4), 257-286.
Shure, M.B., Digeronimo, T.F. (2001). Raising a thinking child workbook: Teaching young children how to resolve everyday conflicts and get along with each others: Book review. Social Work With Groups, 24(3-4), 197-201.
Sue, J., Lee, R.M. & Vang, S. (2005). Intergenerational family conflict and coping among Hmong American College students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 482-489.
Treasy, L., Tripp, G. Baird, A. (2005). Parent stress management training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behavior Therapy, 36, 223-233.
Turner, K.T., Mrkie-Dadds, C., & Sanders, M.R. (2002). Facilitator’s manual group Triple P. Milton: Triple P International Pty. Ltd.
Turner, K.M.T., & Sanders, M. (2006). Help when it’s needed first: A controlled evaluation of brief, preventive behavioral family intervention in a primary care setting. Available: http://www.elsevier.com.
Wells, K., Epstein, J., Hinshaw, S., Conners, C., Klaric, J., Abikoff, H., Abramowitz, A., Arnold, L., Elliott, G., Greenhill, L., Hechman, L., Hoza, B., Jenson, P., March, J., Pelham, W., Pfoffner, L., Severe, J., Swanson, J., Vitiello, B., Wigal, T. (2000). Parenting and family stress treatment outcomes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): an empirical analysis in the MTA study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(6), 543-553.
Yoshizumi, T., Murase, S., Murakami, T., Takai, J. (2007). Dissociation as a mediator between perceived paternal rearing styles and depression in an adult community population using college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(2). 353-364.
Zeitlin, S., Williamson, G., Rosenblatt, W. (1987). The coping with stress model: a counseling approach for families with a handicapped child. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 443-446.
