تبیین تحولات ژئوپلیتیکی رابطه انسان و محیط زیست(چشم‌انداز-ارائه راهکار)
الموضوعات :
یوسف زین العابدین عموقین
1
(
دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رشت
)
ریباز قربانی نژاد
2
(
استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران
)
تاريخ الإرسال : 14 الأحد , ذو القعدة, 1441
تاريخ التأكيد : 24 الثلاثاء , ربيع الأول, 1442
تاريخ الإصدار : 27 الجمعة , صفر, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
راهکار,
ژئوپلیتیک,
محیط زیست,
انسان,
چشم انداز,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: انسان همواره به زیستگاهی نیاز دارد که در آن هوای تمیز، آب آشامیدنی، منابع غذایی و امکانات کافی برای زندگی ارزشمند وجود داشته باشد. توانمندی انسان در حفظ و صیانت فضای زندگی خود یا در ویرانگری چشم اندازهای آن که در رابطه با شرایط طبیعی، اکوسیستم متعادلی به وجود می آورد، بیانگر این واقعیت است که انسان عامل مهم ساخت ها، ویرانگری ها، ترکیب و اختلال در قلمروهای زیستی و بیوژئوگرافیک می باشد. از این رو، تغییرات تدریجی نسبت به رابطه انسان و محیط، زیربنای دیدگاه های فلسفی زیست محیطی جدیدی را به وجود می آورند و برای پشتیبانی از طرح های حفاظت از محیط زیست منبعی مستمر به حساب می آیند که به صورت ملی، منطقه ای و جهانی مطرح است. در این میان، افزایش جمعیت انسانی از یک طرف و کاهش ظرفیت های زیست محیطی از طرف دیگر، تهدیدها و چالش های ژئوپلیتیکی برای جهان به وجود آورده است که چشم انداز آن با بحران ها، درگیری ها و معضلات دیگر جهانی همراه است.
روش بررسی: در این پژوهش، گردآوری اطلاعات با روش کتابخانه ای و با استفاده از متون، اسناد و مقالات مرتبط صورت گرفته و از نظر ماهیت روش شناسی و جنس داده ها یک پژوهش کیفی محسوب می شود.
یافته ها: یافته های این پژوهش در راستای تبیین ژئوپلیتیکی تحولات روابط انسان و محیط زیست و پیامدهای آن می باشد که از یک طرف بصورت بحران های ژئوپلیتیکی، جهان را در بر گرفته است و از طرف دیگر، امنیت زیست محیطی را در مقیاس های مختلف محلی، ملی و جهانی به مخاطره افکنده است و حاکمیت دولت-ملت ها را در چگونگی مدیریت مخاطرات و بحران های زیست محیطی با چالش مواجه ساخته است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان می دهد پایبندی دولت های ملی به اصول نظام ژئوپلیتیک سبز می تواند مناسب ترین راهکار جهت کاهش پیامدهای بحران ناشی از روابط انسان و محیط زیست در سطح ملی، منطقه ای و جهانی باشد.
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_||_
Vernier, Jscques. Environment. Translator: Gilda Irvanloo, Tehran: Elmi va farhangi publication. 1997. (In Persian)
Moharamnejad, Naser. Evolution of environmental management, Environmental scientific Journal, 2000, No.32. (In Persian)
Green, Aven. Environment, Translator: Ahmad Alikhani, Tehran: Publications of the great period of war. 2000. (In Persian)
Otuathail, Gearoid, Simon Dalby, Paul Routledge. The Geopolitics Thoughts in Twentieth Century. Translator: Mohammad Reza Hafeznia and Hashem Nasiri, Tehran: Publications of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2001. (In Persian)
Kavyanirad, Morad. Environmental security of Iran, Tehran: Research Institute of Strategic Studies Publication, 2018. (In Persian)
State of World Population 2009, 2009. UNFPA.
Molaei, Alireza. A critique of geopolitical readings. Tehran: Emam Bagher University Press, 2003. (In Persian)
Claval, Paul. Geography of the 21st century, Translator: Hasan Sadouq, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press, 2017. (In Persian)
Benson, Environmental Ethics: An introduction whit readings, First published by Routlrge, 2000.
10- Milton, K. Kind Nature: Toward the Climate of Affection. Translator: Mahdi Rostami Shahroodi, Tehran: Publications of the Environmental Protection Organization, 2004. (In Persian)
11- Country Mapping Organization, National Atlas of Iran "Environment". Tehran: Country Mapping Organization Press, 2001. (In Persian)
12- Nasiri, Hosein. Development sustainable development third world perspective, Tehran: Publications of the Environmental Protection Organization, 2006. (In Persian)
13- Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Man, Society and Environment, Translator: Salahadin Mahalati, Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press, 1993. (In Persian)
14- Murray, Warwick E. Geography of Globalization, Translator: Jahfar Javan and Abdolla Abdollahi, Tehran: Chapar Pablication, 2009. (In Persian)
Zeinolabedin, Y. & others. Geopolitical and Environmental Issues in the Caspian Sea, Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences(CJES), University of Guilan.
Vilnor, K. Citizan and Environment, Payam Unesco Magazine. 1991, 258, Tehran. (In Persian)
Miller, George Tyler. Living in the Environment, Translator: Majid Makhdoom, Tehran: Tehran university Publication, 2008. (In Persian)
Johnston, R.J. Geographies of global change: remapping the world in the late twentieth century, Translator: Nasrin Nouryan, Tehran: Publications of the Great period of war, 2004. (In Persian)
Braden, Kathleen and Shelley, Fred. Engaging Geopolitics, Translator: Alireza Farshchi and Hamidreza Rahnama, Tehran: Publications of the Great period of war, 2004. (In Persian)
Heywood, Andrew. Political Ideologies: An Introdoction. Translator: Mohammad Rafihi Mehrabadi, Tehran: Publications of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2005. (In Persian)
Dobson, Andrew. Green Political Thought, Translator: Mohsen Salasi, Tehran: Agah Publisher, 1998. (In Persian)
Schebling, Jacques. What is Geography?, Translator: Sirus Sahami, Tehran: Mohaghegh Publisher, 2006. (In Persian)
Monsfield, B. ‘Global Environment Politics’ in Cox, Kevin & others(eds), The SAGE Handbook of Political Geography, SAGE Publication. New York, 2008.
Seifzadeh, Hossein. The mystery of security and the new challenges of the West, Tehran: Publications of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2006. (In Persian)
Dodds, Klaus. Geopolitics in a changing world, Translator: Zahra Ahmadipour & others, Tehran: Bolagh Danesh Publisher, 2005. (In Persian)
Zeinolabedin, Y. & others. An Introduction to Environmental Geopolitics. Environmental Science and Technology Quarterly, 2007, No.2. Pp. 103-123. (In Persian)
Aghazadeh, Jafar. The trend of attention of the world community to the environment. Middle East Studies Quarterly, 2000, No. 22. Pp. 83-113. (In Persian)
Hafeznia, Mohammad Reza. Principles and Concepts of Geopolitics. Mashhad: Papoli Publisher, 2006. (In Persian)
Talaei, Vahid. The evolution of international environmental law in the field of sea protection with an emphasis on the responsibility of governments for oil pollution. International relations Journal, 2009, No. 43. Pp.43-80. (In Persian)
Muir, Richard. Political Geography: A new Introduction. Translator: Dorre Mirheidar. Tehran: Publications of the Geographical Organization of Armed Forces, 2000. (In Persian)
Brzezinski, Zbignew. Out of control: global turmoil on the eve of the twenty -first century. Translator: Abdorahim Nave Ebrahim. Tehran: Ettelahat Publisher, 2002. (In Persian)
Word Bank. Where is the Wealth of the Nations, World Bank. UN Publisher, 2000.
Ekrami, Atiyeh & others. Environmental justice is a comprehensive approach to realizing social justice. International relations Journal, 2009, No. 43. Pp.111-130. (In Persian)
Castells, Manuel. The rise of the network society(Volume 2). Translator: Hasan Chavoshian, Tehran: Tarhe no Publisher, 2006. (In Persian)
Agnew, J. Making Political Geography, London: Arnold Publishers, 2004.
Isari Kasmaei, Ali. The united nations today, Tehran: Abaron Publisher, 2008. (In Persian)
Kelly, P. Thinking Green: Essays on Environmentalism, Feminism, and Nonviolence, Berkeley: Parallax Press. 1994.
The World Bank, The Milleniume Development Goals (Map), UN, 2004.
The Milleniume Development Goals Report, UN. 2005.
Zeinolabedin, Y. Environmental Geopolitics(Resources, Human and Development), Rasht: Islamic Azad University: Rasht Branch Publisher, 2017. (In Persian)
Sachs, Inassis. Ecology and philosophy of development, Translator: Hamin Nouhi, Tehran: Kian cultural institude Publisher, 1994. (In Persian)
