رفتار جریان ورودی به سد سیمره در مواجهه با اثرات تغییر اقلیم
الموضوعات :محمدرضا گودرزی 1 , حامد واقعی 2 , میررحیم موسوی 3
1 - استادیار دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه پلیتکنیک تورین، تورین، ایتالیا.
3 - استادیار دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه آیت ا.. بروجردی ره.
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدل هیدرولوژیکی, سد سیمره, ریزمقیاسنمایی, تغییر اقلیم,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: اهمیت حفظ محیطزیست سبب شدهاست تا کشورهای مختلف از منابع تجدیدپذیر و پاک در تولید برق بهره ببرند. این امر توسعهی نیروگاههای برقآبی در نقاط مختلف دنیا را بهدنبال داشتهاست. در ایران هم طرحهای برقآبی مختلفی وجود دارد که طرح سد و نیروگاه سیمره یکی از آنها بهشمار میآید. از آنجا که پدیدهی تغییر اقلیم میتواند سبب بروز تغییرات در شرایط هیدرولوژیکی مناطق مختلف و به تبع آن عملکرد طرحهای آبی شود، این پژوهش تلاش میکند تا به بررسی اثرات این پدیده بر رفتار جریان ورودی به سد سیمره بپردازد. روش بررسی: شرایط اقلیمی در دورهی آتی (2040 تا 2069) برای منطقهی مورد مطالعه با استفاده از مدل HadCM3 تحت سناریوهای A2 و B2 و نیز مدل CanESM2 تحت سناریوهای RCP2.6، RCP4.5 و RCP8.5 به روش ریزمقیاسنمایی آماری (مدل SDSM) پیشبینی شدهاست. همچنین این پژوهش از مدل هیدرولوژیکی HEC-HMS جهت شبیهسازی جریان رودخانه استفاده میکند. یافتهها: نتایج پژوهش نشاندهندهی افزایش دمای منطقه در دورهی آتی برای سناریوهای مختلف است، بهطوریکه بیشترین میزان افزایش دماهای بیشینه و کمینه مربوط به سناریوی RCP8.5 و بهترتیب در حدود 2/1 و 3/1 درجهی سانتیگراد پیشبینی شدهاست. همچنین پیشبینی میشود میزان بارش متوسط سالانهی منطقه کاهش یابد. ارزیابی جریان شبیهسازیشدهی رودخانه نیز نشان میدهد که میزان جریان ورودی به سد سیمره در دورهی آتی حدود 2/5 تا 4/13 درصد کاهش خواهد داشت. بحث و نتیجهگیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشاندهندهی اهمیت و ضرورت در نظر گرفتن اثرات تغییر اقلیم در طراحی سازههای آبی مهم، نظیر سد و نیروگاههای برقآبی میباشد.
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- IPCC 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core writing team, Pachauri RK, Reisinger A, (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104p.
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- Pruski, F.F., Nearing, M.A., 2002. Runoff and soil-loss responses to changes in precipitation: A computer simulation study. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57: 7-16.
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- Abbaspour, K.C., Faramarzi, M., Ghasemi, S.S., Yang, H., 2009. Assessing the impact of climate change on water resources in Iran. Journal of Water Resources Research 45, W10434.
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- Wilby, R.L., Dawson, C.W., 2013. The Statistical DownScaling Model: insights from one decade of application. International Journal of Climatology 33: 1707-1719.
- Alizadeh, A., 2011. Principles of applied hydrology, 32th ed. Imam Reza University, Mashhad.(In Persian)
- HEC 2000. Hydrologic modeling system HEC–HMS: Technical reference manual, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, Calif, 157p.