بررسی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد ورزشکاران نسبت به مصرف نوشیدنیهای ورزشی و الکترولیتها در وضعیت هیدراسیون
الموضوعات :
محدثه آصفری
1
,
محمد حضوری
2
,
زهره شیخی زاده
3
1 - 1- دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی بهداشت و ایمنی موادغذایی، دانشکده علوم تغذیه و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.
3 - گروه بهداشت عمومی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران
تاريخ الإرسال : 22 الأحد , جمادى الثانية, 1444
تاريخ التأكيد : 10 الأحد , شوال, 1444
تاريخ الإصدار : 08 السبت , ربيع الأول, 1445
الکلمات المفتاحية:
نوشیدنی ورزشی,
ورزش,
آگاهی,
آب,
نگرش,
هیدراسیون,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه: ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎت از دﺳﺖرﻓﺘﻪ طﯽ ورزش نقشی غیرقابلانکار در موفقیت ورزشکاران دارد. این درحالیست که براساس مطالعات، آگاهی و نگرش ورزشکاران نسبت به مصرف مایعات ناکافی است و گاهی این عدم آگاهی منجر به مرگ میشود. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی آگاهی و نحوه رفتار ورزشکاران نسبت به نوشیدنیهای ورزشی انجام شد.مواد و روشها: در یک مطالعه مقطعی، 18 باشگاه ورزشی شهر قم به طور تصادفی انتخاب و 270 پرسشنامه محققساخته بین ورزشکاران توزیع شد. پرسشنامه حاوی سوالات مشخصات فردی و نیز شامل 14 سوال آگاهی، 9 سوال نگرش و 7 سوال از عملکرد افراد بود. اعتبار و روایی پرسشنامه توسط متخصصین ارزیابی و آلفای کرونباخ آن تعیین شد(N=24, α=0.83). اطلاعات با آزمون ANOVA مورد تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت.یافتهها: در این مطالعه 48% افراد تشنگی را بهترین معیار برای نوشیدن آب در حین ورزش میدانستند و 63% آنها از اثرات مثبت نوشیدنیهای حاوی قند بر عملکرد ورزشی اطلاع نداشتند. 75% ورزشکاران آب را به سایر نوشیدنیها ترجیح میدادند و حدود 70% نیز نگرشی از افزودن کربوهیدرات نداشتند. همچنین سن و تحصیلات هیچ ارتباطی با میزان آگاهی افراد نداشت.نتیجهگیری: یافتههای این مطالعه نشان داد افراد باورهای نادرستی نسبت به مصرف مایعات دارند که منجر به پیامدهای خطرناکی از جمله مرگ برای ورزشکاران میشود. باتوجه به اینکه آموزش میتواند منجر به تغییر رفتار شود، بنابراین ایجاد امکانات آموزشی برای ایجاد تغذیه صحیح درخصوص هیدراسیون در فعالیتهای ورزشی برای مربیان و ورزشکاران ضروری است.
المصادر:
Adams, W. M., Vandermark, L. W., Belval, L. N. & Casa, D. J. (2019). The utility of thirst as a measure of hydration status following exercise-induced dehydration. Nutrients, 11, 2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112689
Aljaloud, S. O. (2018). Knowledge and behavior of Saudi college athletes toward energy and sports drinks with an emphasis on microbial quality and safety. Sports, 6(3), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030060
Arnaoutis, G., Kavouras, S. A., Angelopoulou, A., Skoulariki, C., Bismpikou, S., Mourtakos, S. & Sidossis, L. S. (2015). Fluid balance during training in elite young athletes of different sports. Journal of strength and conditioning research/National Strength & Conditioning Association, 29(12), 3447-3452. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000400
Ayotte, D. & Corcocan, M. P. (2018). Individualized hydration plans improve performance outcomes for collegiate athletes engaging in in-season training. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0230-2
Bolter, N. D., Gao, Y., Conger, S. A., Spear, C. E., Radin, A. K. & Flint, H. 2020. Parents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to children’s beverage consumption in youth soccer: A qualitative analysis. Health Education Journal, 79(3), 290-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896919880225
Brink-Elfegoun, T., Ratel, S., Lepretre, P.-M., Metz, L., Ennequin, G., Dore, E., Martin, V., Bishop, D., Aubineau, N. & Lescuyer, J. (2014). Effects of sports drinks on the maintenance of physical performance during 3 tennis matches: a randomized controlled study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 11(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0046-7
Brown, Alysa M. (2017). Nutritional Needs in Collegiate Female Soccer Athletes. Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 10973. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10973
Carvalho, P., Oliveira, B., Barros, R., Padrao, P., Moreira, P. & Teixeira, V. H. (2011)Impact of fluid restriction and ad libitum water intake or an 8% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on skill performance of elite adolescent basketball players. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 21(3), 214-221. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.3.214
Castro-Sepulveda, M., Astudillo, J., Letelier, P. & Zbinden-Foncea, H. (2016). Prevalence of dehydration before training sessions, friendly and official matches in elite female soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 50(1), 79-84.
Chapelle, L., Tassignon, B., Rommers, N., Mertens, E., Mullie, P. & Clarys, P. (2020). Pre-exercise hypohydration prevalence in soccer players: A quantitative systematic review. European journal of sport science, 20(6), 744-755. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1669716
Cheuvronts, S. N. & Sawka, M. N. (2005). Hydration assessment of athletes. Sports Science Exchange, 18(2), 1-6.
Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (1998). Hyperthermia and dehydration-related deaths associated with intentional rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers--North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November-December 1997. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 47, 105-108.
Costa Pereira, R., Pitarma, G. & Jardim, M. (2019). Evaluation of Portuguese athletes knowledge regarding nutrition and hydration in sports. Annals of Medicine, 51, 219-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2018.1560731
Fortes, L. S., Nascimento-Junior, J. R., Mortatti, A. L., Lima-Junior, D. R. A. A. D. & Ferreira, M. E. (2018). Effect of dehydration on passing decision making in soccer athletes. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 89(3), 332-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2018.1488026
Gilchrist, J., Haileyesus, T., Murphy, M., Collins, C. & Mcilvain, N. (2010). Heat illness among high school athletes-United States, 2005-2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(32), 1009-1013.
Heishman, A. D., Daub, B. D., Miller, R. M., Freitas, E. D. & Bemben, M. G. (2018). Longitudinal hydration assessment in collegiate basketball players over various training phases. decision-making, 5(6), 11.
Holland, J. J., Skinner, T. L., Irwin, C. G., Leveritt, M. D. & Goulet, E. D. (2017). The influence of drinking fluid on endurance cycling performance: a meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47(11), 2269-2284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0739-6
Hozoori, M., djafarian, K., Sheikhi-zadeh, Z. & Asafari, M. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of athletes related to dietary supplements in gym club in Iran. Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, 6(1), 47-54.
Hozoori, M., Ehteshami, M., Haghravan, S. & Azarpira, A. (2012). Prevalence, Reasons and Information about Dietary Supplement Consumption in Athletes in Tabriz (1389). Journal of Sport Biosciences, 4(12), 77-91. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2012.28979
Hozoori, M., Safaei-Motlagh, A. & Marzban, A. (2016). The epidemiology of dietary supplements consumption in the athletes of Karaj Iran. International Journal of Epidemiologic Research, 3(3), 222-231. [In Persian]
Joachim, B. E. (2020). Effect of energy drink consumption on cardiovascular responses during exercise and recovery. (Doctoral dissertation).
Judge, L. W., Kumley, R. F., Bellard, D. M., Pike, K. L., Pierson, E. E., Weidner, T., Pearson, D. & Friesen, C. A. (2016). Hydration and fluid replacement knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and behaviors of NCAA division 1 American football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(11), 2972-2978. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001397
Kavoura, S. A. (2019). Hydration, dehydration, underhydration, optimal hydration: are we barking up the wrong tree? European Journal of Nutrition, 58(2), 471-473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-01889-z
Klimesova, I., Krejci, J., Botek, M., Neuls, F., Sladeckova, B., Valenta, M. & Panska, S. (2019). Hydration status and the differences between perceived beverage consumption and objective hydration status indicator in the Czech elite deaf athletes. Acta Gymnica, 49(4), 197-202. 5507/ag.2019.020
Kumstat, M. (2019). Fluid intake during endurance exercise–is drinking to thirst optimum? Studia sportiva, 12(2), 70-78.
Logan‐Sprenger, H. M., Heigenhauser, G. J., Jones, G. L. & Spriet, L. L. (2015). The effect of dehydration on muscle metabolism and time trial performance during prolonged cycling in males. Physiological reports, 3(8), e12483. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12483
Mahan, L. K. & Raymond, J. L. (2016). Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process, Iranian Edition E-Book, Elsevier.
Mettler, S. & Mannhart, C. (2017). Hydration, drinking and exercise performance. Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine, 65(1), 16-21.
Mueller, F. O. & Cologate, B. (2012). Annual survey of football injury research: 1931-2011. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
Muth, T., Pritchett, R., Pritchett, K., Depaepe, J. & Blank, R. (2019). Hydration status and perception of fluid loss in male and female university rugby union players. International journal of exercise science.12(3), 859.
Nery Chagas, T. P., Vieira Souza, L. M., Dos Santos, T., De Jesus, B. O., Martins Dantas, E. H. & Seixas Prado, E. (2017). Impacto da reposicao hidrica com agua de coco sobre o estado de hidratacao e cardiovascular drift durante o exercicio. Journal of Physical Education (24482455), 28(1). https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v28i1.2804
Oppliger, R. A. & Bartok, C. (2002). Hydration testing of athletes. Sports Medicine, 32(15), 959-971. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232150-00001
Ortiz, E. (2019). Hydration Knowledge and Intake in High School Student Athletes.
Parastaez, S., Pushkina, T., Kurashvili, V., Yashin, T., Vykhodets, I., Kupeev, M. & Didur, M. (2017). An update on dehydration in athletes. Bulletin of Russian State Medical University. (6), pp.12-17.
Periard, J. D., Eejsvogels, T., Daanen, H. A. & Racinais, S. (2021). Hydration for the Tokyo Olympics: to thirst or not to thirst? : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine. 55(8):410-1.
Pettersson, S. & Berg, C. M. (2014). Hydration status in elite wrestlers, judokas, boxers, and taekwondo athletes on competition day. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 24(3), 267-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102803
Qin, L., Wong, S., Sun, F.-H., Huang, Y., Sheridan, S. & Sit, C. H. P. (2017). The effect of carbohydrate and protein co-ingestion on energy substrate metabolism, sense of effort, and affective responses during prolonged strenuous endurance exercise. Physiology & behavior, 174, 170-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.035
Sedek, R., Mohamad, M. M. & Kasim, Z. M. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes and practices on hydration and fluid replacement among endurance sports athletes in National University of Malaysia (UKM). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14(10), 658-668.
Sobana, R. & Nirmala, M. J. (2014). Analysis of knowledge, attitudes and practices between male and female college athletes on hydration and fluid replacement. International Journal of Sports Sciences & Fitness, 4(2), 144-156 .
Veilleux, J. C., Caldwell, A. R., Johnson, E. C., Kavouras, S., Mcdermott, B. P. & Ganio, M. S. (2019). Examining the links between hydration knowledge, attitudes and behavior. European Journal of Nutrition, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01958-x
Wolstein, J. & Babey, S. (2018). Impact of Role Models on Teen Sugary Drink Consumption. In APHA's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10-Nov. 14). APHA.
_||_
Adams, W. M., Vandermark, L. W., Belval, L. N. & Casa, D. J. (2019). The utility of thirst as a measure of hydration status following exercise-induced dehydration. Nutrients, 11, 2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112689
Aljaloud, S. O. (2018). Knowledge and behavior of Saudi college athletes toward energy and sports drinks with an emphasis on microbial quality and safety. Sports, 6(3), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030060
Arnaoutis, G., Kavouras, S. A., Angelopoulou, A., Skoulariki, C., Bismpikou, S., Mourtakos, S. & Sidossis, L. S. (2015). Fluid balance during training in elite young athletes of different sports. Journal of strength and conditioning research/National Strength & Conditioning Association, 29(12), 3447-3452. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000400
Ayotte, D. & Corcocan, M. P. (2018). Individualized hydration plans improve performance outcomes for collegiate athletes engaging in in-season training. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0230-2
Bolter, N. D., Gao, Y., Conger, S. A., Spear, C. E., Radin, A. K. & Flint, H. 2020. Parents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to children’s beverage consumption in youth soccer: A qualitative analysis. Health Education Journal, 79(3), 290-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896919880225
Brink-Elfegoun, T., Ratel, S., Lepretre, P.-M., Metz, L., Ennequin, G., Dore, E., Martin, V., Bishop, D., Aubineau, N. & Lescuyer, J. (2014). Effects of sports drinks on the maintenance of physical performance during 3 tennis matches: a randomized controlled study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 11(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0046-7
Brown, Alysa M. (2017). Nutritional Needs in Collegiate Female Soccer Athletes. Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 10973. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10973
Carvalho, P., Oliveira, B., Barros, R., Padrao, P., Moreira, P. & Teixeira, V. H. (2011)Impact of fluid restriction and ad libitum water intake or an 8% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on skill performance of elite adolescent basketball players. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 21(3), 214-221. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.3.214
Castro-Sepulveda, M., Astudillo, J., Letelier, P. & Zbinden-Foncea, H. (2016). Prevalence of dehydration before training sessions, friendly and official matches in elite female soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 50(1), 79-84.
Chapelle, L., Tassignon, B., Rommers, N., Mertens, E., Mullie, P. & Clarys, P. (2020). Pre-exercise hypohydration prevalence in soccer players: A quantitative systematic review. European journal of sport science, 20(6), 744-755. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1669716
Cheuvronts, S. N. & Sawka, M. N. (2005). Hydration assessment of athletes. Sports Science Exchange, 18(2), 1-6.
Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (1998). Hyperthermia and dehydration-related deaths associated with intentional rapid weight loss in three collegiate wrestlers--North Carolina, Wisconsin, and Michigan, November-December 1997. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 47, 105-108.
Costa Pereira, R., Pitarma, G. & Jardim, M. (2019). Evaluation of Portuguese athletes knowledge regarding nutrition and hydration in sports. Annals of Medicine, 51, 219-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2018.1560731
Fortes, L. S., Nascimento-Junior, J. R., Mortatti, A. L., Lima-Junior, D. R. A. A. D. & Ferreira, M. E. (2018). Effect of dehydration on passing decision making in soccer athletes. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 89(3), 332-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2018.1488026
Gilchrist, J., Haileyesus, T., Murphy, M., Collins, C. & Mcilvain, N. (2010). Heat illness among high school athletes-United States, 2005-2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 59(32), 1009-1013.
Heishman, A. D., Daub, B. D., Miller, R. M., Freitas, E. D. & Bemben, M. G. (2018). Longitudinal hydration assessment in collegiate basketball players over various training phases. decision-making, 5(6), 11.
Holland, J. J., Skinner, T. L., Irwin, C. G., Leveritt, M. D. & Goulet, E. D. (2017). The influence of drinking fluid on endurance cycling performance: a meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47(11), 2269-2284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0739-6
Hozoori, M., djafarian, K., Sheikhi-zadeh, Z. & Asafari, M. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of athletes related to dietary supplements in gym club in Iran. Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, 6(1), 47-54.
Hozoori, M., Ehteshami, M., Haghravan, S. & Azarpira, A. (2012). Prevalence, Reasons and Information about Dietary Supplement Consumption in Athletes in Tabriz (1389). Journal of Sport Biosciences, 4(12), 77-91. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2012.28979
Hozoori, M., Safaei-Motlagh, A. & Marzban, A. (2016). The epidemiology of dietary supplements consumption in the athletes of Karaj Iran. International Journal of Epidemiologic Research, 3(3), 222-231. [In Persian]
Joachim, B. E. (2020). Effect of energy drink consumption on cardiovascular responses during exercise and recovery. (Doctoral dissertation).
Judge, L. W., Kumley, R. F., Bellard, D. M., Pike, K. L., Pierson, E. E., Weidner, T., Pearson, D. & Friesen, C. A. (2016). Hydration and fluid replacement knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and behaviors of NCAA division 1 American football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(11), 2972-2978. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001397
Kavoura, S. A. (2019). Hydration, dehydration, underhydration, optimal hydration: are we barking up the wrong tree? European Journal of Nutrition, 58(2), 471-473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-01889-z
Klimesova, I., Krejci, J., Botek, M., Neuls, F., Sladeckova, B., Valenta, M. & Panska, S. (2019). Hydration status and the differences between perceived beverage consumption and objective hydration status indicator in the Czech elite deaf athletes. Acta Gymnica, 49(4), 197-202. 5507/ag.2019.020
Kumstat, M. (2019). Fluid intake during endurance exercise–is drinking to thirst optimum? Studia sportiva, 12(2), 70-78.
Logan‐Sprenger, H. M., Heigenhauser, G. J., Jones, G. L. & Spriet, L. L. (2015). The effect of dehydration on muscle metabolism and time trial performance during prolonged cycling in males. Physiological reports, 3(8), e12483. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12483
Mahan, L. K. & Raymond, J. L. (2016). Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process, Iranian Edition E-Book, Elsevier.
Mettler, S. & Mannhart, C. (2017). Hydration, drinking and exercise performance. Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine, 65(1), 16-21.
Mueller, F. O. & Cologate, B. (2012). Annual survey of football injury research: 1931-2011. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
Muth, T., Pritchett, R., Pritchett, K., Depaepe, J. & Blank, R. (2019). Hydration status and perception of fluid loss in male and female university rugby union players. International journal of exercise science.12(3), 859.
Nery Chagas, T. P., Vieira Souza, L. M., Dos Santos, T., De Jesus, B. O., Martins Dantas, E. H. & Seixas Prado, E. (2017). Impacto da reposicao hidrica com agua de coco sobre o estado de hidratacao e cardiovascular drift durante o exercicio. Journal of Physical Education (24482455), 28(1). https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v28i1.2804
Oppliger, R. A. & Bartok, C. (2002). Hydration testing of athletes. Sports Medicine, 32(15), 959-971. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232150-00001
Ortiz, E. (2019). Hydration Knowledge and Intake in High School Student Athletes.
Parastaez, S., Pushkina, T., Kurashvili, V., Yashin, T., Vykhodets, I., Kupeev, M. & Didur, M. (2017). An update on dehydration in athletes. Bulletin of Russian State Medical University. (6), pp.12-17.
Periard, J. D., Eejsvogels, T., Daanen, H. A. & Racinais, S. (2021). Hydration for the Tokyo Olympics: to thirst or not to thirst? : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine. 55(8):410-1.
Pettersson, S. & Berg, C. M. (2014). Hydration status in elite wrestlers, judokas, boxers, and taekwondo athletes on competition day. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 24(3), 267-275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102803
Qin, L., Wong, S., Sun, F.-H., Huang, Y., Sheridan, S. & Sit, C. H. P. (2017). The effect of carbohydrate and protein co-ingestion on energy substrate metabolism, sense of effort, and affective responses during prolonged strenuous endurance exercise. Physiology & behavior, 174, 170-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.035
Sedek, R., Mohamad, M. M. & Kasim, Z. M. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes and practices on hydration and fluid replacement among endurance sports athletes in National University of Malaysia (UKM). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14(10), 658-668.
Sobana, R. & Nirmala, M. J. (2014). Analysis of knowledge, attitudes and practices between male and female college athletes on hydration and fluid replacement. International Journal of Sports Sciences & Fitness, 4(2), 144-156 .
Veilleux, J. C., Caldwell, A. R., Johnson, E. C., Kavouras, S., Mcdermott, B. P. & Ganio, M. S. (2019). Examining the links between hydration knowledge, attitudes and behavior. European Journal of Nutrition, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01958-x
Wolstein, J. & Babey, S. (2018). Impact of Role Models on Teen Sugary Drink Consumption. In APHA's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10-Nov. 14). APHA.