تحلیل تولید اجتماعی فضا در اقتصاد سیاسی نفت؛ مطالعه مروری
الموضوعات : مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
جواد ایمانی شاملو
1
(
استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
)
مجتبی رفیعیان
2
(
استاد دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: اقتصاد سیاسی فضا, اقتصاد نفتی, تحولات فضایی, تحلیل محتوا, رانت,
ملخص المقالة :
فضا از اساسی ترین اجزا سکونتگاه های شهری است که تحولات پیچیده آن به عنوان چالشی دائمی موردتوجه علوم شهری می باشد، به گونه ای که کنترل و هدایت تحولات رخ داده در آن عمدتاً دشوار بوده و این موضوع با پیچیده تر شدن مسائل اجتماعی در دهه های اخیر و چندوجهی شدن پدیده های شهری، پررنگ تر شده است، فرآیندی که نیاز به تقویت رویکردهای قبلی و مجهز شدن آن ها به ابزارهای مضاعف از جنس ارزشی و هنجاری را نمایان ساخته و بستر تحول مفهومی رویکردهای موجود در عرصه فضا و برنامه ریزی را مهیا کرده است. از جمله توجه به تحولات فضایی از منظر رویکردهای سیاسی. درواقع شهرها و به ویژه کلان شهرها به واسطه تمرکز عوامل قدرت و ثروت، نقش بی بدیلی در تحولات دنیای معاصر دارند، به گونه ای که شهرها به واسطه تمرکز سرمایه - به ویژه در قالب سرمایه ثابت- به عنوان منبع مهمی برای جریان سود محسوب می شوند که این جریان از طریق نیروهای سیاسی و عمدتاً به نفع گروه های سرمایه دار محقق می شود؛ لذا بدیهی است کلان شهرهای تحت نظام نفتی با توجه به ویژگی های سیاسی خاص، اسلوب و ساختار فضایی - عملکردی متناظر وضعیت اقتصادی و سیاسی خود را تولید می کنند، بنابراین اکتشاف الگوی مناسبات اجتماعی- شهری در اقتصاد نفتی هدف این پژوهش است. به این منظور با بهره گیری از رویکرد انتقادی به تحلیل اسناد تاریخی موجود در حوزه اجتماعی-فضایی پرداخته شده است. نتایج این مطالعه نشانگر شکل گیری روابط نابرابر اجتماعی و مناسبات سوداگرانه اجتماعی در بستر نظام رانتی - نفتی رشد می کند و این نابرابری ها در ادامه و با گذر از صافی فضا، خود رادر کالبد و ساختار شهری نیز نمایان می نماید.
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