مرور روش‌های تحلیل و ارزیابی ایمنی لرزه‌ای سدهای بتنی قوسی
الموضوعات :محمدرضا فدائی‌تهرانی 1 , الهام یباره پور 2
1 - پژوهشگاه نیرو، وزارت نیرو، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: تحلیل لرزه‌ای, سد بتنی قوسی, درزهای انقباض, زلزله,
ملخص المقالة :
سدهای بتنی قوسی، سازه‌های سه بعدی بوده که به لحاظ شکل خاص خود به عنوان یک پوسته عظیم، فشار آب مخزن را به تکیه‌گاه‌های سنگی خود منتقل می‌نمایند. نیروی عمده دیگری که علاوه بر وزن، فشار هیدرواستاتیک و تنش‌های حرارتی باید توسط سیستم سازه‌ای یک سد تحمل گردد، نیروهای دینامیکی ناشی از زمین لرزه است. در این گونه سدها، امکان بروز رفتار غیرخطی ناشی از تغییر مکان دو وجه درزهای انقباض، ترک خوردگی، خوردشدگی و یا رفتار غیرخطی بتن بدنه سد بسته به شدت زمین‌لرزه وجود دارد. آنالیزهای دینامیکی تاریخچه زمانی با فرض اینکه بدنه سد، سازه‌ای یکپارچه با رفتار الاستیک باشد، معمولاً منجر به ایجاد تنش‌های قوسی کششی قابل توجهی در ترازهای فوقانی سد می‌گردد که منطبق بر واقعیت نیست. از آنجائیکه سدهای قوسی به صورت بلوک‌های طره‌ای ساخته می‌شوند، به لحاظ باز و بسته شدن درزهای انقباضی طی زلزله، تنش‌های کششی رها و نیروهای داخلی از حالت عملکرد قوسی به عملکرد طره‌ای بازتوزیع می‌گردند. در نتیجه، با کاهش سطح تنش‌های کششی و استهلاک انرژی در اثر باز و بسته شدن درز، ریسک ترک‌خوردگی بتن و تخریب سد تا حد زیادی کاهش می‌یابد.
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