مرور روش‌های تحلیل و ارزیابی ایمنی لرزه‌ای سدهای بتنی قوسی
محورهای موضوعی : تحلیل، طراحی و ساخت سازه های آبیمحمدرضا فدائی‌تهرانی 1 , الهام یباره پور 2
1 - پژوهشگاه نیرو، وزارت نیرو، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.
کلید واژه: تحلیل لرزه‌ای, سد بتنی قوسی, درزهای انقباض, زلزله,
چکیده مقاله :
سدهای بتنی قوسی، سازه‌های سه بعدی بوده که به لحاظ شکل خاص خود به عنوان یک پوسته عظیم، فشار آب مخزن را به تکیه‌گاه‌های سنگی خود منتقل می‌نمایند. نیروی عمده دیگری که علاوه بر وزن، فشار هیدرواستاتیک و تنش‌های حرارتی باید توسط سیستم سازه‌ای یک سد تحمل گردد، نیروهای دینامیکی ناشی از زمین لرزه است. در این گونه سدها، امکان بروز رفتار غیرخطی ناشی از تغییر مکان دو وجه درزهای انقباض، ترک خوردگی، خوردشدگی و یا رفتار غیرخطی بتن بدنه سد بسته به شدت زمین‌لرزه وجود دارد. آنالیزهای دینامیکی تاریخچه زمانی با فرض اینکه بدنه سد، سازه‌ای یکپارچه با رفتار الاستیک باشد، معمولاً منجر به ایجاد تنش‌های قوسی کششی قابل توجهی در ترازهای فوقانی سد می‌گردد که منطبق بر واقعیت نیست. از آنجائیکه سدهای قوسی به صورت بلوک‌های طره‌ای ساخته می‌شوند، به لحاظ باز و بسته شدن درزهای انقباضی طی زلزله، تنش‌های کششی رها و نیروهای داخلی از حالت عملکرد قوسی به عملکرد طره‌ای بازتوزیع می‌گردند. در نتیجه، با کاهش سطح تنش‌های کششی و استهلاک انرژی در اثر باز و بسته شدن درز، ریسک ترک‌خوردگی بتن و تخریب سد تا حد زیادی کاهش می‌یابد.
Arched concrete dams are three-dimensional structures that, in terms of their special shape resembling a huge shell, transfer the water pressure from the tank to their stone supports. Besides the forces of weight, hydrostatic pressure and thermal stresses, another significant force that the dam's structural system must withstand is the dynamic forces generated by earthquakes. In such dams, there is a possibility of non-linear behavior due to the change in the location of the two faces of the contraction joints, cracking, corrosion, or non-linear behavior of the concrete of the dam body depending on the intensity of the earthquake. Dynamic analysis of time history, assuming that the dam body is an integrated structure with elastic behavior, usually leads to the creation of significant tensile arch stresses in the upper levels of the dam, which is not in accordance with reality. Since the arch dams are built as ridge blocks, due to the opening and closing of the contraction joints during the earthquake, the released tensile stresses and internal forces are redistributed from the arch performance mode to the ridge performance. As a result, by reducing the level of tensile stresses and energy consumption as a result of joint closure, the risk of concrete cracking and dam destruction is greatly reduced.
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