Antioxidant Activity and Milk Fatty Acids Profile of Murciano-Granadina Dairy Goats Feeding Formaldehyde-Treated Sesame Meal at Different Levels of Dietary Crude Protein
الموضوعات :F. Firozi 1 , O. Dayani 2 , B. Hajimohammadi Darabi 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: antioxidant, formaldehyde treatment, lactating goat, milk yield, sesame meal,
ملخص المقالة :
We evaluated the impact of partial substitution of soybean meal (SBM) for sesame meal (SM) and formal-dehyde-treated SM (FTSM) on milk yield and fatty acids, and blood and milk antioxidant parameters in goats. Forty mid-lactation Murciano-Granadina goats were randomly allocated to four groups: (1) diet with 16.5% crude protein (CP) containing SBM (CON); (2) diet with 16.5% CP containing untreated SM (USM); (3) diet with 16.5% CP containing FTSM (FT); (4) diet with 14.5% CP containing FTSM (LPFT; low protein formaldehyde-treated SM). FT goats had higher dry matter intake (DMI) than CON and LPFT, as observed for milk, fat-corrected (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) (P<0.05). LPFT reduced C6:0 and C10:0 FAs in milk comparison to CON and USM, while C8:0 and C12:0 were higher CON and/or USM as compared with LPFT (P<0.01). The results showed that FTSM goats had the lowest BUN level (P=0.004). As compared with SBM and FTSM fed groups, the concentration of blood glutathione peroxi-dase (GPX) was lower in USM goats (P<0.01). Partial substitution of SBM for FTSM in the diet of dairy goats can improve milk yield. Furthermore, reducing CP level along with FTSM inclusion in the diet may be considered as a proper tool in compensating the adverse effects of CP deficiency and to optimize the productive performance of dairy goats utilizing lower amounts of nitrogen sources.
Ababakri R., Dayani O., Khezri A. and Naserian A. (2021). Ef-fects of extruded flaxseed and dietary rumen undegradable protein on reproductive traits and the blood metabolites in Baluchi ewes. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 30, 214-222.
Ashjae V., Taghizadeh A., Mehmannavaz Y. and Nobakht A. (2021). The effects of replacement of soybean meal by me-chanically-processed sesame meal on performance and milk fatty acids profile in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Ira-nian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 11, 477-484.
Baker M., Amos H., Nelson A., Williams C. and Froetschel M. (1996). Undegraded intake protein: Effects on milk production and amino acid utilization by cows fed wheat silage. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 76, 367-376.
Benzie I.F. and Strain J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: The FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 239, 70-76.
Bouattour M., Casals R., Albanell E., Such X. and Caja G. (2008). Feeding soybean oil to dairy goats’ increases conjugated li-noleic acid in milk. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 2399-2407.
Dosky K. (2012). Effect of protected soybean meal on milk yield and composition in local Meriz goats. Mesop. J. Agric. 40, 1-8.
Forbes J.M. (1995). Voluntary Food Intake and Diet Selection in Farm Animals. CAB Int., Oxford, United Kingdom.
Grummer R.R. (1991). Effect of feed on the composition of milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3244-3257.
Gulati S.K., Garg M.R. and Scott T.W. (2005). Rumen protected protein and fat produced from oilseeds and/or meals by for-maldehyde treatment; their role in ruminant production and product quality: A review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 45, 1189-1203.
Hristov A.N. and Giallongo F. (2014). Feeding protein to dairy cows-what should be our target? Pp. 75-84 in Proc. 23rd Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf., Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA.
Jin U., Chun J., Han M., Lee J., Yi Y., Lee S. and Chung C. (2005). Sesame hairy root cultures for extra-cellular produc-tion of a recombinant fungal phytase. Proc. Biochem. 40, 3754-3762.
Kitessa S.M., Peake D., Bencini R. and Williams A.J. (2003). Fish oil metabolism in ruminants: III. Transfer of n-3 polyunsatu-rated fatty acids (PUFA) from tuna oil into sheep’s milk. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 108, 1-14.
Lee J., Kim M. and Choe E. (2007). Antioxidant activity of lignin compounds extracted from roasted sesame oil on the oxidation of sunflower oil. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 16, 981-987.
Mahima Kumar V., Tomar S.K., Roy D. and Kumar M. (2015). Effect of varying levels of formaldehyde treatment of mustard oil cake on rumen fermentation, digestibility in wheat straw based total mixed diets in vitro. Vet. World. 8, 551-555.
Mahmoud A.E.M. and Bendary M.M. (2014). Effect of whole substitution of protein source by Nigella sativa meal and ses-ame seed meal in ration on performance of growing lambs and calves. Glob. Vet. 13, 391-396.
McKinnon J., Olubobokun J., Mustafa A., Cohen R. and Christen-sen D. (1995). Influence of dry heat treatment of canola meal on site and extent of nutrient disappearance in ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 56, 243-252.
Mitsiopoulou C., Sotirakoglou K., Labrou N.E. and Tsiplakou E. (2021). The effect of whole sesame seeds on milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile and antioxidant status in goats. Livest. Sci. 245, 1-10.
Moore K. and Roberts L.J. (1998). Measurement of lipid peroxi-dation. Free Radic. Res. 28, 659-671.
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (2023). PubChem Compound summary for CID 712 Formaldehyde. Retrieved January 21, 2023. Availale at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Formaldehyde.
NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Obeidat B.S., Kridli R.T., Mahmoud K.Z., Obeidat M.D., Haddad S.G., Subih H.S., Ata M., Al-Jamal A.E., Abu Ghazal T. and Al-Khazáleh J.M. (2019). Replacing soybean meal with ses-ame meal in the diets of lactating Awassi ewes suckling single lambs: Nutrient digestibility, milk production, and lamb growth. Animals. 9, 157-168.
Obeidat B., Abdullah A., Mahmoud K., Awawdeh M., Al-Beitawi N. and Al-Lataifeh F. (2009). Effects of feeding sesame meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 82, 13-17.
Rotz C.A., Satter L.D., Mertens D.R. and Muck R.E. (1999). Feeding strategy, nitrogen cycling, and profitability of dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 2841-2855.
Sanjukta S. and Rai A.K. (2016). Production of bioactive peptides during soybean fermentation and their potential health bene-fits. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 50, 1-10.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Shingfield K.J., Bonnet M. and Scollan N.D. (2013). Recent de-velopments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods. Animal. 7, 132-162.
Tajaddini M.A., Dayani O., Khezri A., Tahmasbi R. and Sharifi-Hoseini M.M. (2021). Production efficiency, milk yield, and milk composition and fatty acids profile of lactating goats feeding formaldehyde-treated canola meal in two levels of die-tary crude protein. Small Rumin. Res. 204, 1-7.
Tsiplakou E., Mitsiopoulou C., Karaiskou C., Simoni M., Pappas A.C., Righi F., Sotirakoglou K. and Labrou N.E. (2021). Ses-ame meal, vitamin E and selenium influence goats’ antioxi-dant status. Antioxidants. 10, 392-401.
Wanapat M. and Pimpa O. (1999). Effect of ruminal NH3-N levels on ruminal fermentation, purine derivatives, digestibility and rice straw intake in swamp buffaloes. Asian-australasian J. Anim. Sci. 12, 904-907.
Wright C., Von Keyserlingk M., Swift M., Fisher L., Shelford J. and Dinn N. (2005). Heat-and lignosulfonate-treated canola meal as a source of ruminal undegradable protein for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 238-243.
Yörük M.A., Aksu T., Gül M. and Bolat D. (2016). The effect of soybean meal treated with formaldehyde on amount of pro-tected protein in the rumen and absorption of amino acid from small intestines. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 30, 457-463.
