طراحی و اعتباریابی پرسشنامۀ رهبری توزیع‌شده مدارس متوسطه
الموضوعات :خلیل غلامی 1 , یونس صحرانوردنشتیفان 2 , صلاح الدین ابراهیمی 3 , یاسر صیادی 4
1 - دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه کردستان، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، سنندج، ایران.
2 - دانش آموخته دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانش آموختۀ دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه آموزش علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدارس متوسطه, رهبری توزیع‌شده, پرسشنامۀ استاندارد,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه و هدف: رهبری توزیع‌شده یکی از نظریه‌های رایج و پرطرفدار امروزی در محیط‌های آموزشگاهی است. این نظریه تأثیر زیادی بر بهبود و عملکرد مدارس، اثربخشی معلمان و در نتیجه بازده‌های دانش آموزان دارد؛ با توجه به این موضوع، هدف این پژوهش ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاسی برای مطالعه در زمینه رهبری توزیع‌شده در مدارس متوسطه بود. روش شناسی پژوهش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و بر اساس روش گرداوری داده ها توصیفی – همبستگی از نوع تحلیل ماتریس واریانس- کوواریانس است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دبیران متوسطه در استان کردستان بود که در مرحله اول تعداد 377 نفر و 6 ماه بعد تعداد 321 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی از مناطق متفاوت مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها در مرحله اول با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، با روش تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی از نوع چرخش ابلیمین مستقیم با نرم‌افزار spss 23 انجام شد. در مرحله دوم داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و از طریق نرم‌افزار AMOS 23 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که پرسشنامه مورد نظر برای مطالعه رهبری توزیع‌شده دارای یک ساختار چهار عاملی شامل: بهبود مدرسه و توسعۀ حرفه‌ای معلمان، تعامل مبتنی بر اعتماد، دموکراسی، حمایت همه‌جانبه است که با استفاده از 25 گزاره مورد سنجش قرار می‌گیرند. این پرسشنامه تحت عنوان «مقیاس رهبری توزیع‌شده مدارس متوسطه» نام گزاری شد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، مقیاس ساخته‌شده دارای ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مناسبی برای استفاده در پژوهش‌های آموزشی در زمینه رهبری آموزشی است.
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