خوشه‌بندی رفتار قلدری دانش‌آموزان نوجوان بر پایه شایستگی اجتماعی و ترجیح اجتماعی
الموضوعات :
سیماسادات کرسوی
1
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.)
مجید صدوقی
2
(استادیار روانشناسی دانشگاه کاشان)
الکلمات المفتاحية: قلدری, قربانی, شایستگی اجتماعی, ترجیح اجتماعی, رفتار اجتماعی,
ملخص المقالة :
مقدمه و هدف: قلدری در مدرسه نوعی خشونت میان فردی است که می‌تواند پیامدهای کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت نامطلوبی به دنبال داشته باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، خوشه‌بندی دانش‌آموزان قلدر و قربانی بر اساس شایستگی اجتماعی و ترجیح اجتماعی بود.
مواد و روشها: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی با طرح خوشه‌بندی اکتشافی بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، نوجوانان 13 تا 15 ساله شهر کاشان بودند که از بین آن‌ها نمونه‌ای به حجم 414 نفر (202 دختر و 212 پسر) به روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای انتخاب شده و به پرسشنامه شایستگی اجتماعی اسمارت و سان سون (2003)، مقیاس رفتار اجتماعی واردن و همکاران (2003)، پرسشنامه قلدری ایلی نویز (2001) و آزمون گروه سنجی پاسخ دادند.
یافتهها: خوشه‌بندی داده‌ها به روش سلسله مراتبی حاکی از وجود چهار خوشه مجزا از دانش‌آموزان بود که روایی آماری و تجربی آن‌ها مورد تأیید قرار گرفت: محبوب (99/35 درصد)، قلدر (77/20 درصد)، شایسته اجتماعی (81/26 درصد)، قربانی (42/16 درصد). همچنین مقایسه خوشه‌ها در متغیرهای جنسیت، رفتار اجتماعی عملی و ارتباطی، رفتار ضداجتماعی آشکار و رابطه‌ای و رفتار قربانی نشان داد که خوشه‌بندی انجام شده از اعتبار کافی برخوردار است.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد افراد قلدر و قربانی دارای نیمرخ رفتاری متفاوت با ویژگی‌های مختلفی هستند و تحلیل خوشه‌ای می‌تواند منجر به شناسایی این نیمرخ‌ها شده و مبنای طراحی و اجرای تمهیدات پیشگیری و درمانی لازم درباره پدیده آزار و اذیت و پیامدهای آن را فراهم نماید.
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