کشت مخلوط ذرت- بادام زمینی تحت تلقیح با ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم (Azotobacter chroococcum)
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
سیاوش پورجانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، رشت، ایران)
هاشم امين پناه
2
(دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، رشت، ایران)
محمدنقی صفرزاد ویشکایی
3
(دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، رشت، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: باکتری های محرک رشد گیاه, کشاورزی پایدار, کشت مخلوط غلات- بقولات, عملکرد, نسبت برابری زمین,
ملخص المقالة :
استفاده از کشت مخلوط و باکتری های محرک رشد گیاه منجر به افزایش پایداری نظام‌های کشاورزی می گردد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر ازتوباکتر بر عملکرد بادام‌زمینی و ذرت در کشت مخلوط، یک آزمایش دو ساله به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در آستانه اشرفیه، استان گیلان، انجام شد. عامل اول شامل باکتری ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و عامل دوم شامل الگوی کشت مخلوط در 8 سطح شامل کشت خالص ذرت، کشت خالص بادام‌زمینی، الگوهای کشت مخلوط افزایشی (100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+100 درصد ذرت، 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+ 50 درصد ذرت و 100درصد ذرت+50 درصد بادام‌زمینی) و الگوهای کشت مخلوط جایگزینی (50 درصد ذرت+50 درصد بادام‌زمینی، 67 درصد ذرت+33 درصد بادام‌زمینی و 33 درصد ذرت+67 درصد بادام‌زمینی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد دانه ذرت و بادام‌زمینی به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر ازتوباکتر و نسبت کشت مخلوط قرار گرفت. کاربرد ازتوباکتر سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه ذرت و بادام‌زمینی به‌ترتیب به میزان 16 و 10 درصد گردید. حداکثر و حداقل نسبت برابری زمین به‌ترتیب در الگوی کشت مخلوط 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+50 درصد ذرت و 50 درصد ذرت+50 درصد بادام‌زمینی مشاهده شد و کاربرد ازتوباکتر سبب افزایش نسبت برابری زمین بین 12 تا 16 درصد در الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط گردید. با توجه به عدم امکان کنترل ماشینی علف‌های‌هرز در الگوهای کشت مخلوط افزایشی، در صورت آلودگی کم مزرعه به علف‌های‌هرز، الگوی کشت 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی+50 درصد ذرت همراه با کاربرد ازتوباکتر مناسب خواهد بود. در غیراین‌صورت، با توجه به نسبت برابری زمین و عملکرد بادام زمینی، الگوی کشت مخلوط 67 درصد بادام‌زمینی+33 درصد ذرت همراه با کاربرد ازتوباکتر مناسب خواهد بود.
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