Numerical Determination of the Forming Limit Diagram for 304 Stainless Steel Based on Phase Change in Deep Drawing Process
الموضوعات : فصلنامه شبیه سازی و تحلیل تکنولوژی های نوین در مهندسی مکانیکمسعود نصر اصفهانی 1 , مهران مرادی 2 , فرهاد حاجی ابوطالبی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد،گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد.
2 - استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
3 - استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خمینی شهر.
الکلمات المفتاحية: Deep drawing process, Damage mechanics, FLD, Erichsen test, Change of phase, Necking, FEM simulation,
ملخص المقالة :
Up to now a large number of models have been developed to measure or predict the damage in equipments. Some of these models have been implemented in ABAQUS software. To implement damage parameters in the software, it is necessary to perform complex and expensive practical tests. One of these damage models is Forming Limit Diagram (FLD).The purpose of this research is deriving required parameters for modeling damage by numerical method and using of software. To study and compare of the accuracy of this method, these parameters have been derived with experimental method. FLD parameters for metastable austenitic stainless steel 304 have been extracted from Erichsen test and then phase change from austenite to martensite during deep drawing have been modeled with CLEMEX and SIGMAPLOT software. By defining changes of physical and mechanical properties of elastic-plastic material, the obtained results are transmitted to ABAQUS via developing a VUMAT subroutine in FORTRAN. Then Erichsen test has been simulated in ABAQUS and aforementioned subroutine was used to define changes of properties in simulation. Critical points susceptible for necking in all test cups are determined and numerical FLD was drawn based on principal strains in these points. Finally, the results of this method and practical tests were compared
[1] حاجی ابوطالبی، ف. ، پیشبینی رشد آسیب در شکلدهی ورقهای فلزی، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، پایان نامه دکترا، 1389.
[2] Lemaitre J., A course on damage mechanics, Verlag, New York,1992,
[3] Kattan P.I., Voyiadjis G. Z., Damage mechanics with finite elements, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001.
[4] Trana E. ,Buguru M.,Zecheru T., Johnson-cook constitutive model for OL 37 Steel,6th WSEAS International Conference on System Science and Simulation In Engineering , Italy, Vol. 2, 2007, pp. 269-274.
[5] Solta J., Spisak E., Comprision of the Forming-Limit Diagram(FLD)Models for Drawing Quality(DQ)Steel Sheets, J.Metalurgija,No.44,2005,PP.249-253
[6] Waleed J., Anas A., Balod O., Theoretical Determination of Forming Limit Diagram for Steel, Brass and Aluminum Alloy Sheets, J.Mechanic Eng. , No.14, 2006, pp.40-55.
[7] Mater J., Calculation of Forming Limit Diagrams for Changing Strain Paths on the Formability of Sheet Metal, J.Technol ,No.1,Vol 17,2001.
[8] Stoilov G., Genov J. , Kovachev J., Kavardzhikov V., a software system for determination of forming limit diagram , Seventh International Conference on Information Research and Applications, Varna, Vol. 7, 2009, pp. 45-52.
[9] Blandford ,K., Rahl , E., Morton , K.and Snow , D., tensile stress-strain results for 304L and 316L stainless steel,Pressure Vessels and Piping Division Conference ,San Antonio , (208), 2007,pp. 526-541.
[10] Milad M., Zreiba N., Elhalouan F., Baradai C., The Effect of Cold Work on Structure and Properties of AISI 304 Stainless Steel, J. Materials Processing Technology, No.44, 2008, pp. 80–85.
[11] Ding B., Wu Y., Cao B., Hmida S., Xie J., Martensite Transformation Induced by Deformation and its Phas Eletrochemichal Behavior for Stainless Steels AISI 304 and 316L, J.University of Science and Technilogy Beijing,Vol 9, 2002, pp. 437.
[12] Hedstrِm P., Lindgren L. E., Deformation and martensitic phase transformation in stainless steels, University of Technology SE-971 87 Lule, Sweden, 2007.
[13] Andersson R., Oden M., Magnusson C., A new equation to describe the microstructural transformation of meta-stable austenitic stainless steels during plastic deformation, Lulea University of Technology Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering , 2009.
[14] Beese A.M. ,Mohr D., Santacreu P., Isotropic phase transformation in anisotropic stainless steel 301LN sheets, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge MA, USA, 2009.
[16] www.imechanica.org/files/writing
[17] Talonen J., Effect of strain-induced
α’-martensite transformation on mechanical properties of metastable austenitic stainless steels, Helsinki University of Technology, 2007.
]18[ گلعذار م.، اصول کاربرد عملیات حرارتی فولادها، ویرایش 2، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، 1378، صص 5-28.
