Determination of Ultra Trace Amounts of Carmoisine in Food Specimens by Ultrasound-assisted Surfactant-enhanced Emulsification Microextraction Method Coupled with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
الموضوعات :Mohammad Reza Jalali Sarvestani 1 , Zohreh Doroudi 2
1 - Ph.D. Student, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Spectrophotometry, Box–Behnken design, Carmoisine, Ultrasound-assisted surfactant emulsification–Microextraction, Food dyes,
ملخص المقالة :
In this research, an ultrasound-assisted surfactant emulsification microextraction technique was established as a facile, practicable and eco-friendly method for preconcentration of carmoisine (CMS) before its spectrophotometric measurement. Zephiramine and CCl4 were selected as the emulsifier and organic extractant solvent respectively. Box–Behnken design was employed for the optimization of various influencing factors in the extraction process. Under the optimized conditions, the preconcentration and enrichment factors were 666 and 630 respectively.. The limit of detection (LOD) of the designed analytical that was calculated as three times the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was 0.15 ng. mL-1. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.47 ng. mL-1 and the working dynamic range was 0.5-80 ng. mL-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9995. At the end, the applicability of the designed extraction technique for the quantitation of CMS in four real specimes was also inspected and all of the calculated recovery values were between 97.5-104.2% showed the designed technique can be employed for CMS measurement in real specimens..
1. Llamas N.E., Garrido M., Di Nezio M.S., Band B.S.F., 2009. Second order advantage in the determination of amaranth, sunset yellow FCF and tartrazine by UV–vis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares. Anal Chim Acta. 655 (1-2), 38-42.
2. Qi R., Zhou X., Li X., Ma J., Lu C., Mu J., Zhang X., Jia Q., 2014. Rapid identification of synthetic colorants in food samples by using indium oxide nanoparticle-functionalized porous polymer monolith coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. Analyst. 139(23), 6168-6177.
3. Wood R., Foster L., Damant A., Key P. Analytical methods for food additives., Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, 2004.
4. Huang H.Y., Shih Y.C., Chen Y.C., 2002. Determining eight colorants in milk beverages by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A. 959 (1-2), 317-325.
5. Garcı́a-Falcón M.S., Simal-Gándara J., 2005. Determination of food dyes in soft drinks containing natural pigments by liquid chromatography with minimal clean-up. Food Control. 16(3), 293-297.
6. Culzoni M.J., Schenone A.V., Llamas N.E., Garrido M., Di Nezio M.S., Band B.S.F., Goicoechea H.C., 2009. Fast chromatographic method for the determination of dyes in beverages by using high performance liquid chromatography—diode array detection data and second order algorithms. J Chromatogr A. 1216(42), 7063-7070.
7. Chanlon S., Joly-Pottuz L., Chatelut M., Vittori O., Cretier J. L., 2005. Determination of Carmoisine, Allura red and Ponceau 4R in sweets and soft drinks by Differential Pulse Polarography. J Food Compos Anal. 18(6), 503-515.
8. Heydari R., Hosseini M., Zarabi S., 2015. A simple method for determination of carmine in food samples based on cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric detection. Spectrochim Acta A. 150, 786-791.
9. Pourreza N., Ghomi M., 2011. Simultaneous cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF in food samples. Talanta. 84(1), 240-243.
10. Bagheban S.F., Niazi A., Akrami A., 2012. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of nitrophenol isomers in environmental samples using first derivative of the density ratio spectra. J Chem Health Risks. 2(4), 21-28.
11. Karatepe A., AKALIN Ç., Soylak M., 2017. Spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine after cloud point extraction using Triton X-114. Turk. J Chem 41(2), 256-262.
12. Hamid Y., Fat’hi M.R., 2018. A Novel Cationic Surfactant-Assisted Switchable Solvent-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination for Orange II in Food Samples. Food Anal Method. 11(8), 2131-2140.
13. Niazi A., Akrami A., Sinka Karimi E., Bagheban Shahri F., 2011. Spectrophotometric determination of uranium in water samples after cloud point extraction using nonionic surfactant Triton X-114. J Iran Chem Soc. 4(4), 227-233.
14. Ma J.J., Du X., Zhang J.W., Li J.C., Wang L.Z., 2009. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of trace cadmium in water samples. Talanta. 80(2), 980-984.
15. Salamat Q., Yamini Y., Moradi M., Karimi M., Nazraz M., 2018. Novel generation of nano-structured supramolecular solvents based on an ionic liquid as a green solvent for microextraction of some synthetic food dyes. New J Chem. 42(23), 19252-19259.
16. El-Ashtoukhy E.S., Fouad Y., 2015. Liquid–liquid extraction of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as an extractant. Alexandria Eng J. 54(1), 77-81.
17. Tavakoli M., Shemirani F., Hajimahmoodi M., 2014. Magnetic mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction of three food colorants from real samples. Food Anal Method. 7 (1), 100-108.
18. Liu F.J., Liu C.T., Li W., Tang A.N., 2015. Dispersive solid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis separation of food colorants in beverages using diamino moiety functionalized silica nanoparticles as both extractant and pseudostationary phase. Talanta. 132, 366-372.
19. Rezaee M., Assadi Y., Hosseini M.R.M., Aghaee E., Ahmadi F., Berijani S., 2006. Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr A. 1116(1-2), 1-9.
20. Berijani S., Ahmadi G., 2014. Ultrasound Assisted Surfactant Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction and Spectrofluorimetry for Determination of Oxadiazon in Agricultural Water Samples. Iran J Chem Eng. 33(4), 41-49.
21. Regueiro J., Llompart M., Garcia-Jares C., Garcia-Monteagudo J.C., Cela R., 2008. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction of emergent contaminants and pesticides in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A. 1190(1-2), 27-38.
22. Wu Q., Chang Q., Wu C., Rao H., Zeng X., Wang C., Wang Z., 2010. Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction for the determination of carbamate pesticides in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 1217(11), 1773-1778.
23. Lurie J., 1978. Preparation of buffer solutions. Handbook of analytical chemistry. Moscow: Mir Publishers, 253-261.
24. Alipanahpour Dil E., Ghaedi M., Asfaram A., Zare F., Mehrabi F., Sadeghfar F., 2017. Comparison between dispersive solid-phase and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with spectrophotometric determination of malachite green in water samples based on ultrasound-assisted and preconcentration under multi-variable experimental design optimization. Ultrason. Sonochem. 39, 374-383.
25. Doroudi Z., Niazi A., 2018. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction and spectrophotometric determination of cobalt, nickel and copper after optimization based on Box-Behnken design and chemometrics methods. Pol J Chem Technol. 20(1), 21-28.
26. Esfandian H., Akrami A., Shahri F.B., 2017. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of strontium sorption by synthetic PPy/perlite nanocomposite. Desalin Water Treat. 93, 74-82.
27. Antony J., 2003. 2—Fundamentals of design of experiments. Design of experiments for engineers and scientists. 6-16.
28. Zhou Y., Song J.Z., Choi F.F.K., Wu H.F., Qiao C.F., Ding L.S., Gesang S.L., Xu H.X., 2009. An experimental design approach using response surface techniques to obtain optimal liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions to determine the alkaloids in Meconopsi species. J Chromatogr A. 1216(42), 7013-7023.
29. Amini P., Faraji M., 2016. Development and validation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to spectrophotometry for extraction and determination of carmoisine in foodstuff. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 11(1), 95-106.
