الگوی رفتار عبور از خیابان کودکان با مشکلات درونی‌سازی و برونی سازی‌شده
الموضوعات :
محبوبه هاشمی جوزدانی
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری روان شناسی
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
)
زهرا طبیبی
2
(
دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
)
علی مشهدی
3
(
استاد گروه روان‌شناسی
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: رفتار عبور از خیابان, کودکان دچار مشکلات درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی, محیط واقعیت مجازی,
ملخص المقالة :
ایـن پژوهـش بـا هـدف بررسـی تفاوت هـا در الگـوی رفتـار عبـور از خیابـان کـودکان دچـار مشـکلات درونی‌سـازی و برونی‌سازی شـده انجـام شـد. بـه منظـور درک بهتـر الگـوی رفتـار عبـور از خیابـان ایـن گـروه از کـودکان، سـن و نقایـص در کنش‌هـای اجرایـی نیـز اندازه‌گیـری و کنتـرل شـد. درمجمـوع ۷۹ کـودک ۷/۵ تـا ۱۰ سـال در قالـب سـه گـروه عـادی، دچـار مشـکلات درونی‌سـازی و برونی‌سـازی بـا روش نمونه‌بـرداری دردسـترس بــرای شــرکت در پژوهــش انتخــاب شــدند. بــرای اندازه‌گیــری رفتــار عبــور از خیابــان و نقایــص در کنش‌هــای اجرایــی به ترتیــب از یــک محیــط واقعیــت مجــازی (شـوبل، گینــز و سورســون، ۲۰۰۸) و مقیــاس نقایــص در کنش‌هــای اجرایــی کــودکان و نوجوانــان (بارکلــی، ۲۰۱۲) اســتفاده شــد. نتایـج، بـا اسـتفاده از تحلیـل کوواریانـس چندمتغیـری بـا کنتـرل آمـاری سـن و نقایـص کنش‌هـای اجرایـی، نشـان داد کـه کـودکان دچـار مشـکلات درونی‌سازی شـده، در مقایسـه بـا کـودکان عـادی و کـودکان بـا مشـکلات برونی‌سازی شـده، مـدت زمـان بیشـتری کنـار خیابـان منتظـر می‌ماننـد، فرصت‌هـای از دسـت‌رفتۀ بیشـتری دارنـد و پـس از ایجـاد شـکاف ترافیکـی بـا تأخیـر بیشـتر اقـدام بـه عبـور می‌کننـد، امـا کـودکان دچـار مشـکلات برونی‌سازی شـده، در مقایسـه بـا کـودکان عـادی، تعـداد برخـورد بیشـتری دارنـد و در مقایسـه بـا هـردو گـروه، رفتـار کمتـر ایمنـی در عبـور از خیابـان نشـان می‌دهنـد، بنابرایـن لازم اسـت متخصصـان برنامه‌هـای پیشـگیری از آسـیب‌های ترافیکـی کـودکان بـا درنظـر داشـتن الگـوی رفتـار عبـور از خیابـان گروه‌هـای در خطـر، بـر مداخـلات مبتنـی بـر اصـلاح رفتـار تمرکـز کننـد.
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