الگوی رفتار عبور از خیابان کودکان با مشکلات درونی‌سازی و برونی سازی‌شده
محورهای موضوعی : روان درمانگری
محبوبه هاشمی جوزدانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری روان شناسی
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد)
زهرا طبیبی
2
(دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد)
علی مشهدی
3
(استاد گروه روان‌شناسی
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد)
کلید واژه: رفتار عبور از خیابان, کودکان دچار مشکلات درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی, محیط واقعیت مجازی,
چکیده مقاله :
ایـن پژوهـش بـا هـدف بررسـی تفاوت هـا در الگـوی رفتـار عبـور از خیابـان کـودکان دچـار مشـکلات درونی‌سـازی و برونی‌سازی شـده انجـام شـد. بـه منظـور درک بهتـر الگـوی رفتـار عبـور از خیابـان ایـن گـروه از کـودکان، سـن و نقایـص در کنش‌هـای اجرایـی نیـز اندازه‌گیـری و کنتـرل شـد. درمجمـوع ۷۹ کـودک ۷/۵ تـا ۱۰ سـال در قالـب سـه گـروه عـادی، دچـار مشـکلات درونی‌سـازی و برونی‌سـازی بـا روش نمونه‌بـرداری دردسـترس بــرای شــرکت در پژوهــش انتخــاب شــدند. بــرای اندازه‌گیــری رفتــار عبــور از خیابــان و نقایــص در کنش‌هــای اجرایــی به ترتیــب از یــک محیــط واقعیــت مجــازی (شـوبل، گینــز و سورســون، ۲۰۰۸) و مقیــاس نقایــص در کنش‌هــای اجرایــی کــودکان و نوجوانــان (بارکلــی، ۲۰۱۲) اســتفاده شــد. نتایـج، بـا اسـتفاده از تحلیـل کوواریانـس چندمتغیـری بـا کنتـرل آمـاری سـن و نقایـص کنش‌هـای اجرایـی، نشـان داد کـه کـودکان دچـار مشـکلات درونی‌سازی شـده، در مقایسـه بـا کـودکان عـادی و کـودکان بـا مشـکلات برونی‌سازی شـده، مـدت زمـان بیشـتری کنـار خیابـان منتظـر می‌ماننـد، فرصت‌هـای از دسـت‌رفتۀ بیشـتری دارنـد و پـس از ایجـاد شـکاف ترافیکـی بـا تأخیـر بیشـتر اقـدام بـه عبـور می‌کننـد، امـا کـودکان دچـار مشـکلات برونی‌سازی شـده، در مقایسـه بـا کـودکان عـادی، تعـداد برخـورد بیشـتری دارنـد و در مقایسـه بـا هـردو گـروه، رفتـار کمتـر ایمنـی در عبـور از خیابـان نشـان می‌دهنـد، بنابرایـن لازم اسـت متخصصـان برنامه‌هـای پیشـگیری از آسـیب‌های ترافیکـی کـودکان بـا درنظـر داشـتن الگـوی رفتـار عبـور از خیابـان گروه‌هـای در خطـر، بـر مداخـلات مبتنـی بـر اصـلاح رفتـار تمرکـز کننـد.
The current study aimed to investigate road crossing behavior of three groups of children, namely; typically-developing chil- dren, children with internalized problems and children with externalized problems. A total of 79 children aged 7.5 to 10 years in three groups of typically-developing children, children with internalized problems, and children with externalized problems voluntarily participated in the study. Tools included a pedestrian virtual reality environment (Schwebel, Gaines & Severson, 2007) to assess road-crossing behavior and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale-Children and Adolescents (Barkley, 2012) to measure the deficits in executive functions. The results of MANCOVA with age and scores in BDEFS-CA as the covariates showed that children with internalized problems waited longer on the sidewalk than typically-developing children and children with externalized problems; they had more missed opportunities, and after a traffic gap, they started crossing with more delay. Children with externalized problems had more hits than typically-developing children. Compared to typically-developing children and children with internalized problems, children with externalized problems also exhibited less safe behavior when crossing the roads. Therefore, it’s necessary for the specialists of child traffic injury prevention programs to focus on behavior modification-based interventions, taking into account the pattern of street-crossing behavior of at-risk groups.
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