Effects of a Fat Soluble Vitamin Premix on Performance Indices and Hematological Parameters in Slow- and Fast- Growing Broiler Chicks within a Flock
الموضوعات :T. Pakzad 1 , H. Khosravinia 2 , B. Masourei 3 , B. Parizadian Kavan 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: performance, Multivariate analysis, broiler chicken, Hematological parameters, intra-flock variation, marketing age,
ملخص المقالة :
A 2 × 7 factorial experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a fat soluble vitamin premix (FSVP, 0 and 1.2 mL/bird/injection) on performance indices and hematological variables in broiler chicken with different growth rate (x̄-3SD, x̄-2SD, x̄-1SD, x̄, x̄+1SD, x̄+2SD and x̄+3SD) using 364 male Ross 308 broiler chicks. Body weight (BW) of the birds at marketing age (42 d) was not follow the same pattern as their BW at age of 21 d. The birds receiving a FSVP achieved greater body weight, ate more feed and converted the feed with a greater efficiency than the untreated birds. Heart percentage was significantly lesser in the birds with initial body weight close to the population mean compared with the birds having a lesser or a greater BW than the population mean. Injection of FSVP increased heart weight by 20.48 percent and decreased plateletcrit (PCT) by 33.3 percent. Step-wise multivariate regression analysis showed that heart percentage explained 38.37, 39.07 and 8.57 percent of the variation in BW (42 d), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (21 to 42 d), respectively. Hemoglobin concentration and red cell distribution width (RDW) were the next two variables that collectively explained about 10 percent of the final BW (42 d) variance. It was concluded that birds showing a body weight of x̄-3SD at early ages cannot exhibit greater growth rate in later ages probably due to intrinsic limitations. No hematological parameter, excluding heart percentage seems to have a significant influence on intra-flock variance in performance indices in broiler chickens.
Adedibu I.I., Ayorinde K. and Musa A.A. (2014). Multifactorial analyses of morphological traits of extensively reared helmeted guinea fowls (Numidia meleagris) in kaduna and katsina states of Nigeria. British J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 4, 3644-3652.
Aubinet M., Vesala T. and Papale D. (2012). Eddy Covariance: A Practical Guide to Measurement and Data Analysis. Springer, Germany.
Azadinia B., Khosravinia H., Masourei B. and Parizadian Kavan B. (2022). Effects of early growth rate and fat-soluble vitamins on glucose tolerance, feed transit time, certain liver and pancreas related parameters and their share in intra-flock variation in performance indices in broiler chicken. Poult. Sci. 101(5), 101783-101791.
Boersma S.I., Robinson F.E., Renema R.A. and Fasenko G.M. (2003). Administering oasis hatching supplement prior to chick placement increases initial growth with no effect on body weight uniformity of female broiler breeders after three weeks of age. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12, 428-434.
Butterworth A. (2009). Animal welfare indicators and their use in society. Pp. 371-389 in Welfare of Production Animals: Assessment and Management of Risks. F.J.M. Smulders, Ed., Food Safety Assurance and Veterinary Public Health Series, Sumas, Washington, USA.
Clark B., Stewart G.B., Panzone L.A., Kyriazakis I. and Frewer L.J. (2016). A systematic review of public attitudes, perceptions and behaviors towards production diseases associated with farm animal welfare. J. Agric. Environ. Ethics. 29, 455-478.
Convey E.M. (1987). Growth research: Challenges and opportunities. Anim. Sci. J. 65, 128-139.
Crespo R. and Shivaprasad H.L. (2013). Developmental, metabolic, and other noninfectious disorders. Dis. Poult. 4, 1233-1270.
De Jong I.C. and Van Riel J.W. (2020). Relative contribution of production chain phases to health and performance of broiler chickens: A field study. Poult. Sci. J. 99, 179-188.
El-Kholy M.S., El-Hindawy M.M., Alagawany M., Abd El-Hack M.E. and El-Sayed S.A. (2018). Use of acetylsalicylic acid as an allostatic modulator in the diets of growing Japanese quails exposed to heat stress. J. Therm. Biol. 74, 6-13.
Fair J.M., Hansen E.S. and Ricklefs R.E. (1999). Growth, developmental stability and immune response in juvenile Japanese quails. (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Proc. Biol. Sci. 266, 1735-1742.
Feddes J.J., Emmanuel E.J. and Zuidhoft M.J. (2002). Broiler performance, body weight variance, feed and water intake, and carcass quality at different stocking densities. Poult. Sci. J. 81, 774-779.
Goncalves A., Roi S., Nowicki M., Dhaussy A., Huertas A., Amiot M.J. and Reboul E. (2015). Fat-soluble vitamin intestinal absorption: absorption sites in the intestine and interactions for absorption. Food Chem. 172, 155-160.
Gous R.M. (2018). Nutritional and environmental effects on broiler uniformity. World's Poult. Sci. J. 74, 21-34.
Grandin T. and Whiting M. (2018). Are We Pushing Animals to their Biological Limits? Welfare and Ethical Implication. CABI, USA.
Gross W.B. and Siegel H.S. (1983). Evaluation of the heterophile / lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avian Dis. 27, 972-979.
Hartcher K.M. and Lum H.K. (2020). Genetic selection of broilers and welfare consequences: a review. World's Poult. Sci. J. 76, 154-167.
Hastings A. (2013). Population Biology: Concepts and Models. Springer, Germany.
Hernawan E. (2014). Effect of banana peel application in ration on hematological level, nitrogen retention and body weight gain of heat exposed broiler chicken. Sci. Papers Ser. D. Anim. Sci. 42, 101-107.
Jacobs L. (2016). Road to better welfare-Welfare of broiler chickens during transportation. PhD Thesis. Ghent Univ., Ghent, Belgium.
Jensen D.R. and Ramirez D.E. (2013). Revision: Variance inflation in regression. Adv. Dec. Sci. 2013, 1-15.
Maroufyan E., Kasim A., Hashemi S.R., Loh T.C. and Bejo M.H. (2010). Responses of performance and differential leukocyte count to methionine and threonine supplementations on broiler chickens challenged with infectious bursal disease in tropical condition. Asian J. Biol. Sci. 3, 68-76.
Mattila P.H., Valkonen E. and Valaja J. (2011). Effect of different vitamin D supplementations in poultry feed on vitamin D content of eggs and chicken meat. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 8298-8303.
McDowell L.R. and Ward N.E. (2008). Optimum vitamin nutrition for poultry. Int. Poult. Prod. 16, 29-36.
Mela C.F. and Kopalle P.K. (2002). The impact of collinearity on regression analysis: the asymmetric effect of negative and positive correlations. Appl. Econ. 34, 667-677.
Mendes M. (2011). Multivariate multiple regression analysis based on principal component scores to study relationship between some pre- and post- slaughter traits of broilers. Agric. Sci. J. 17, 77-83.
Mohammadalipour R., Rahmani H.R., Jahanian R., Riasi A., Mohammadalipour M. and Nili N. (2017). Effect of early feed restriction on physiological responses, performance and ascites incidence in broiler chickens raised in normal or cold environment. Animal. 11, 219-226.
Muir W.M. and Cheng H.W. (2014). Genetic influences on the behavior of chickens associated with welfare and productivity. Pp. 317-359 in Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals. T. Grandin and M.J. Deesing, Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Nicol C.J. (2015). The Behavioral Biology of Chickens. CABI, USA.
Osborne J.W. and Waters E. (2002). Four assumptions of multiple regression that researchers should always test. Pract. Assess. Res. Eval. 8, 2-12.
Parkhurst C. and Mountney G.J. (2012). Poultry Meat and Egg Production. Springer, Germany.
Peak S.D., Walsh T.J., Benton C.E., Brake J. and Van Horne P.L.M. (2000). Effects of two planes of nutrition on performance and uniformity of four strains of broiler chicks. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 9, 185-194.
Polycarpo G.V., Burbarelli M.F.C., Carao A.C.P., Merseguel C.E.B., Dadalt J.C., Maganha S.R.L. and Albuquerque R. (2016). Effects of lipid sources, lysophospholipids and organic acids in maize-based broiler diets on nutrient balance, liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, jejunal microbiota and performance. British Poult. Sci. J. 57, 788-798.
Renema R.A., Robinson F.E., Beliveau R.M., Davis H.C. and Lindquist E.A. (2007). Relationships of body weight, feathering, and footpad condition with reproductive and carcass morphology of end-of-season commercial broiler breeder hens. Appl. Poult. Res. J. 16, 27-38.
Rochow N., Landau-Crangle E., So H.Y., Pelc A., Fusch G., Däbritz J., Göpel W. and Fusch C. (2019). Z-score differences based on cross-sectional growth charts do not reflect the growth rate of very low birth weight infants. PLoS One. 14(5), e0216048.
Rosenthal R.J., Morton J., Brethauer S., Mattar S., De Maria E., Benz J.K. and Sterrett D. (2017). Obesity in America. Surg. Obes. Rel. Dis. 13, 1643-1650.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Szollosi L., Szucs I. and Nabradi A. (2014). Economic issues of broiler production length. Econ. Agric. J. 61, 633-646.
Toudic C. (2007). Evaluating uniformity in broilers-factors affecting variation. WebMD. https://thepoultrysite.com/articles/evaluatinguniformity-in-broilers-factors-affectingvariation, 2007.
Vasdal G., Granquist E.G., Skjerve E., De Jong I.C., Berg C., Michel V. and Moe R.O. (2019). Associations between carcass weight uniformity and production measures on farm and at slaughter in commercial broiler flocks. Poult. Sci. J. 98, 4261-4268.
Warleigh A. (2001). ‘Europeanizing’civil society: NGOs as agents of political socialization. J. Common Market Stud. 39, 619-639.
Willson N.L. (2017). Identification of biological factors that can be consistently linked to performance variation in modern commercial broiler flocks. PhD Thesis. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Yčas J.W. (2017). Toward a blood-borne biomarker of chronic hypoxemia: red cell distribution width and respiratory diseases and advanced clinical chemistry. Adv. Clin. Chem. 82, 105-197.
Yu W.H., Sing S.L., Chua C.K., Kuo C.N. and Tian X.L. (2019). Particle-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites fabricated by selective laser melting: A state of the art review. Prog. Mater Sci. 104, 330-379.
Yuan J., Roshdy A.R., Guo Y., Wang Y. and Guo S. (2014). Effect of dietary vitamin A on reproductive performance and immune response of broiler breeders. PLoS One. 9, e105677.
Zhuge Q. and Klopfenstein C.F. (1986). Factors affecting storage stability of vitamin A, riboflavin, and niacin in a broiler diet premix. Poult. Sci. J. 65, 987-994.
Zuidhof M.J., Holm D.E., Renema R.A., Jalal M.A. and Robinson F.E. (2015). Effects of broiler breeder management on pullet body weight and carcass uniformity. Poult. Sci. J. 94, 1389-1397.
