Impact of an Agroforestry System on Grazing, Ruminating, and Resting Behaviors of Dairy Cows
الموضوعات :
آ.آ. اُلیوال
1
,
اف.ب. آرایوجو
2
,
ت.آ. دلوالِ
3
,
جی.آ.سی. اُسوریو
4
,
م. کامپانا
5
,
جی.پی.جی دِ مورایس
6
1 - Campus Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso State University, Rodovia MT 208, km 147 s/n, Jardim Tropical, Alta Floresta, Brazil
2 - Campus Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso State University, Rodovia MT 208, km 147 s/n, Jardim Tropical, Alta Floresta, Brazil
3 - Department of Biotechnology and Vegetal and Animal Production, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Anhangera, km 174 s/n, Araras, Brazil
|Itaqui Campus, Federal University of Pampa, Luiz Joaquim de Sá Brito Street, Itaqui, Brazil
4 - Department of Animal Science, Maringá State University, Colombo Avenue 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Brazil
5 - Department of Biotechnology and Vegetal and Animal Production, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Anhangera, km 174 s/n, Araras, Brazil
6 - Department of Biotechnology and Vegetal and Animal Production, Agrarian Science Center, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Anhangera, km 174 s/n, Araras, Brazil
الکلمات المفتاحية: rumination, Grazing, Peanut, muvuca,
ملخص المقالة :
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of agroforestry system on the feeding behavior of dairy cows in the Brazilian Amazon region. Nineteen cross breed dairy cows (14.0±3.30 kg/d of milk yield and 450±40.1 kg body weight) were used. The following treatments were evaluated: A) animals were maintained in opened pasture of Brachiaria brizantha during all the day; B) animals were kept in forage peanuts (Arachis pintoi) during the morning (between 07:00 and 1200 h) and in muvuca, a type of agroforestry arrangement, afternoon (between 12:00 and 23:00 h); and C) animals were maintained in forage peanuts during the morning (between 07:00 and 11:00 h) and in opened pasture of Brachiaria brizantha during the afternoon (between 12:00 and 23:00 h). Behaviors of grazing, ruminating, and resting was monitored every ten minutes, and the hourly index was analyzed as repeated measures in a 3 × 3 latin square design study. Between 07:00 and 09:00 h, animals maintained in opened pasture showed higher grazing and lower ruminating index than those animals kept in forage peanuts. During the hottest period of the day, animals maintained in opened pasture showed a higher grazing index. Animals of A and C treatments showed a higher grazing index than those of B treatment, between 15:00 and 17:00 h. Animals maintained in muvuca had increased grazing index, resulting in lower ruminating and resting, at the end of the day. As a whole, the agroforestry system stabilizes the grazing and ruminating index and increases the grazing index during the hottest period of the day.
Almeida R.G., Andrade C.M., Paciullo D., Fernandes P.C., Cavalcante A.C., Barbosa R. and Valle C.B. (2013). Brazilian agroforestry systems for cattle and sheep. Trop. Grassl. 1, 175-183.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Washington, DC., USA.
Burns J. and Sollenberger L. (2002). Grazing behavior of ruminants and daily performance from warm-season grasses. Crop Sci. 42, 873-881.
Checoli C.H., Shiraiwa S., Silva M.C. and Silva N.M. (2016). Gestão participativa na recuperação de área degradada pela agricultura. Soc. Nat. 28, 117-130.
Devendra C. (2014). Perspectives on the potential of silvopastoral systems. Agrotechnology. 3, 117-225.
Gibb M., Huckle C. and Nuthall R. (1998). Effect of time of day on grazing behaviour bylactating dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci. 53, 41-46.
Gibbs H.K., Munger J., L’Roe J., Barreto P., Pereira R., Christie M., Amaral T. and Walker N. (2015). Did ranchers and slaughterhouses respond to zero-deforestation agreements in the Brazilian Amazon? Conserv. Lett. 9, 32-34.
Gregorini P., Beukes P.C., Romera A.J., Levy G. and Hanigan M.D. (2013). A model of diurnal grazing patterns and herbage intake of a dairy cow, MINDY: Model description. Ecol. Model. 270, 11-29.
McManus C., Barcellos J.O.J., Formenton B.K., Hermuche P.M., Carvalho O.Ad., Guimarães R., Gianezini M., Dias E., Lampert V., Zago D. and Neto J.B. (2016). Dynamics of cattle production in Brazil. Plos One. 11, e0147138.
Moallem U., Altmark G., Lehrer H. and Arieli A. (2010). Performance of high-yielding dairy cows supplemented with fat or concentrate under hot and humid climates. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 3192-3202.
Moraes A., Carvalho P.C., Lustosa S.B.C., Lang C.R. and Deiss L. (2014). Research on Integrated crop-livestock systems in Brazil. Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 45, 1024-1031.
Nepstad D., McGrath D., Stickler C., Alencar A., Azevedo A., Swette B. and Bezerra T. (2014). Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and interventions in beef and soy supply chains. Science. 344, 1119-1123.
Sánchez R.O. (1992). Zoneamento Agroecológico do Estado de Mato Grosso: Ordenamento Ecológico-Paisagístico do Meio Natural e Rural. Fundação de Pesquisas Cândido Rondon. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Santos M.V., Kozloski G.V., Quadros F.L.F., Pires C.C., Wommer T.P. and Mônego C.O. (2012). Animal production and canopy attributes of Cynodon pasture managed under continuous stocking with wethers at three levels of forage allowance. R. Bras. Zootec. 41, 181-187.
Soriani N., Panella G. and Calamari L. (2013). Rumination time during the summer season and its relationships with metabolic conditions and milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 5082-5094.
Sutton J.D., Broster W.H., Napper D.J. and Siviter J.W. (1985). Feeding frequency for lactating cows: Effects on digestion, milk production and energy utilization. Br. J. Nutr. 53, 117-130.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Vizzotto E.F., Fischer V., Thaler N.A., Abreu A.S., Stumpf M.T., Werncke D. and McManus C.M. (2015). Access to shade changes behavioral and physiological attributes of dairy cows during the hot season in the subtropics. Animal. 9, 1559-1566.
West J.W. (2003). Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 2131-2144.
