بررسی تاثیر مورفولوژی مجتمعهای مسکونی بر آسایش حرارتی فضای باز
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات مدیریت شهری
نازنین دهناد
1
,
باقر کریمی
2
,
جمال الدین مهدی‌نژاد
3
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بوشهر، گروه معماری، بوشهر، ایران.
2 - استادیارگروه معماری، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران
3 - دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران.
کلید واژه: مجتمع های مسکونی, آسایش حرارتی, دمای معادل فیزیولوژیکی, انویمت, ریمن,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف پژوهش: شناخت متغیرهای اقلیمی مؤثر بر آسایش حرارتی و مورفولوژی ایجاد شده در فضاهای باز مجتمع های مسکونی امکان ارائه راهکارهای مناسب جهت افزایش کیفیت محیط های باز را به وجود آورد. لذا هدف از این پژوهش شناخت بررسی هندسه فرمی و ساختار شکلی مجتمع های مسکونی بر میزان آسایش حرارتی فضاهای باز جهت افزایش کیفیت محیط و استفاده کاربران ایجاد شده است. روش شناسی: این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف تحقیق کاربردی است، از نظر روش شناسی روش تحقیق کمی است. چهار فرم از گونه های رایج مجتمع های مسکونی شهری در شهر شیراز با الگوی خطی، مجموعه ای منظم و نامنظم، مرکزی (محیطی) و ترکیبی(مختلط) انتخاب شده است و در سه حالت کوتاه مرتبه 3 طبقه، میان مرتبه 6 طبقه و بلند مرتبه 12 طبقه ، مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. روش انجام پژوهش: با در نظر گرفتن فرم و جهت گیری ها در چهار الگوهای مختلف در وضع موجود شبیه سازی شده است و از طریق بررسی نتایج منتج از شبیه سازی با فرم های هندسی مختلف، به تحلیل داده ها و سنجش آنها با استفاده از نرم افزار ENVI-met پرداخته شده است سپس با استفاده از داده های اقلیمی در نرم افزار ریمن، دمای معادل فیزیولوژیکی به دست آمده است. یافته ها وبحث: یافته ها نشان داد که در حالت کوتاه مرتبه فرم بلوک های ترکیبی و مجموعه ای به علت سایه اندازی بیشتر از لحاظ آسایش حرارتی عملکرد بهتری دارند. درحالت میان مرتبه فرم محیطی به علت سرعت باد بیشتر و سایه اندازی و فرم خطی به علت سرعت باد بالاتر، شرایط مطلوب تری از نظر آسایش حرارتی و کمترین ساعات بحرانی را دارند. در فرم بلوک های ترکیبی و مجموعه ای در حالت میان مرتبه، افزایش ارتفاع سبب کاهش حرکت باد در سایر نقاط شده و کارایی این دو فرم کاهش می یابد. در حالت بلند مرتبه بلوک های محیطی و خطی به علت کشیدگی فرم دارای سرعت باد بالاتر و شرایط مطلوب تری در آسایش حرارتی است. نهایتا با توجه به تفاوت در مورفولوژی مجتمع های مسکونی در میزان آسایش حرارتی و بهره برداری محیط تاثیرگذار خواهد بود.
Introduction & Objective: Recognition of climatic variables affecting the thermal comfort and morphology created in the open spaces of residential complexes made it possible to provide appropriate solutions to increase the quality of open environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the formal geometry and shape structure of residential complexes on the thermal comfort of open spaces to increase the quality of the ambient and the use of users. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose, and the method is quantitative. Four forms of common types of urban residential complexes in Shiraz have been selected with a linear pattern, regular and irregular complexes, central (environmental) and combined (mixed) and have been studied and analyzed in three short cases of 3-storey, medium-height 6-storey and high-rise 12 floors. Methods: To analyze the data, the simulation has been performed by considering the form and orientations in four different patterns in the current situation and by analyzing the results of the simulation with different geometric forms. And their measurement is done using ENVI-met software. Then, using climatic data in Rayman software, the physiologically equivalent temperature is obtained. Findings and Discussion: The results showed that the form of composite and complex blocks in the short case has a better performance in terms of thermal comfort due to more shading. In the mid-height mode, due to the higher wind speed and shading, and the linear form due to the higher wind speed, they have more favorable conditions in terms of thermal comfort and the least critical hours. In the form of composite and complex blocks in the mid-height state, increasing the height reduces the wind movement in other places and the efficiency of these two forms decreases. In the high-height mode, the peripheral and linear blocks have higher wind speeds and more favorable conditions in thermal comfort due to the elongation of the form. Finally, considering the differences in the morphology of residential complexes, it will affect the amount of thermal comfort and utilization of the environment.
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