Analysis of a Few Words in Shahnameh: East and Northwest Iranian

Subject Areas : All areas of language and translation

Roghayeh  Karimzadeh Naghshineh ¹ (Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2022-11-07 Accepted : 2023-04-07 Published : 2023-11-01

Keywords: Shahname, word, origin, northwest, Sogdian, Eastern Iranian,

Abstract :

Persian, a southwest-origin language, comprises various Parthian and Northwestern dialects as well asnumerous loanwords adopted from East Iranian languages, specifically Sogdian. Loanwords are anatural phenomenon in all languages. They are the product of ethnic mixture and cultural intercoursesbetween different folks. In addition to tribal contact between Sogdians and Parthians, the advent ofsuperdialect and literature account for the entrance of East and Northwest words in the Persianlanguage.Shahnameh has left behind a compilation of ancient-origin East and Northwest vocabularyin Modern Persian some of which have fallen out of use with time. These now-obsolete words couldmerely be found in dictionaries, formal texts, and reference books. They are archaic words and rarelyused. Employing synchrony, diachronic, and comparative methods, this paper dissects the morphology ofthe following words: East Iranian Āvāza (fame), FaƔfūr (the emperor of China), Tāl ō māl (to getscattered), SitēƔ (mountain peak, straight, high, firm), Faž (agony, pain, impurity), RāƔ (plain, slopeof a mountain and also mountain), ČuƔd (owl), Zēvar (ornament, decoration), āƔāz idan, ĀƔāz (tostart), Butfōz (chin, snout), Sangsār (stoning), Rež (desire), žiƔār (scream, loud voice), kās (pig), yāfa(idle talk, backbiting), ĀruƔda (wild, terrifying, violent), Pasečīdan./PasēIJīdan (to get ready, to prepare),lanIJ (to take out, bring out), Alfanĵidan (to stockpile, to combine, to obtain or achieve).Northwest Iranian Āžīr, -Žāla,- Žerf,- žiyān, - Bahr,- Sipihr, - Hužīr, - Herbod,- Zafar,- Barzan, -Zam,- Burz,- Andarz,- Taham,- Sipenj, - Sipāh, - yala, - yāra, - yawa, - yazidan.

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