انتخاب رویکرد مناسب خط مشی گذاری عمومی در محیط های مختلف: مطالعه فراترکیب
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش های مدیریت راهبردی
نیما اسکندری نیا
1
(دکترای مدیریت دولتی، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
کرم اله دانش فرد
2
(استاد مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
ابوالحسن فقیهی
3
(استاد مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: رویکرد انطباقی, رویکرد مرحله ای, رویکرد اشاعه نوآوری, شبکه خط مشی گذاری عمومی,
چکیده مقاله :
دانش خط مشی گذاری عمومی در حال حاضر با انبوه رویکردهای جدید شامل رویکردهای انطباقی، شبکه خط مشی، اشاعه نوآوری بسته و اشاعه نوآوری باز مواجه شده است. در چنین شرایطی توانایی انتخاب رویکرد مناسب برای خط مشی گذاری از بین مجموعه ای از رویکردهای متنوع، بسیار حائز اهمیت می باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، ارائه چارچوبی اقتضائی به منظور انتخاب رویکرد خط مشی گذاری مناسب از بین رویکردهای مرحله ای، انطباقی، شبکه ای و اشاعه نوآوری تحت شرایط مختلف محیطی است.به لحاظ ابعاد پژوهش، این تحقیق دارای مخاطب بنیادی می باشد و نتایج آن برای جامعه علمی قابل کاربرد است. داده های گردآوری شده از نوع داده های کیفی هستند و به کمک روش استقرایی فراترکیب نظریه پردازی (Finfgeld-connett, 2018) بدست آمده اند. در این روش از طریق مراحل جمع آوری داده ها و نمونه گیری، یادداشت برداری درون مطالعه ای و میان مطالعه ای و نهایتاً برقراری روابط پویا بین متغیرها، نظریه تولید می شود.طبق یافته های این پژوهش، در شرایطی که قدرت پیش بینی وجود نداشته باشد، رویکرد چرخه خط مشی عمومی فاقد کاربرد است. تحت چنین شرایطی اول باید به کمک روش های انطباقی، قدرت پیش بینی را افزایش داد و سپس به کمک یکی از رویکردهای چرخه خط مشی عمومی، نوآوری باز، نوآوری بسته و یا شبکه سازی اقدام به خط مشی گذاری نمود. انتخاب هر یک از این رویکردها نیز وابسته به دو متغیر مشارکت گرایی عمومی و نوآوری گرایی عمومی می باشد.
Nowadays, public policy knowledge is faced with a host of new approaches including adaptive approaches, policy networking, closed innovation dissemination and open innovation dissemination. In such a situation, the ability to choose the right approach to policy-making from a set of diverse approaches is very important. The purpose of this study is to provide a contingency framework for selecting the appropriate policy-making approach from the approaches of phased, adaptive, networking and dissemination of innovation under different environmental conditions. Using inductive qualitative theory-generating meta-synthesis method, theory is generated through the steps of data collection and sampling, intra-study and inter-study note-taking, and finally the establishment of dynamic relationships between variables. According to the findings of this study, in situations where predictive power is not present, the general policy cycle is useless. Under such circumstances, the power of forecasting should be increased first with the help of adaptive methods, and then the policy should be formulated with the help of one of the approaches of general policy cycle, open innovation, closed innovation or networking. The choice of each of these approaches also depends on the two variables of public participation and public innovation.
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