بررسی مقایسه ای تأثیر کود-سم استوکر® و آفت کش اویسکت ® روی سفیدبالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hem.:Aleyrodidae) به منظور بهینه سازی مدیریت کنترل آفات گوجه فرنگی
محورهای موضوعی : بهینه سازی مصرف کود و سم
مژده مومنی
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مهدی دهقانی زاهدانی
2
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علیرضا جلالی زند
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1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی کشاورزی، واحد خوراسگان،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه حشره شناسی کشاورزی،واحد خوراسگان،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: سفیدبالک گلخانه, کود-سم استوکر, اویسکت, گوجه فرنگی , طراحی هم گذاره مرکزی.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: سفيد بالک گلخانه، Trialeurodes vaporariorumWestwood.، از آفات مهم گلخانهای در جهان میباشد که به سرعت گسترش پیدا کرده و عموماً برای مبارزه با آن از سموم مختلف شیمیایی و عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک استفاده میشود. با توجه به تعداد نسل زياد و بروز مقاومت به آفتکشها در سفيد بالکها، بررسي و تحقيق در مورد حشره کشهاي جدید و جایگزین به منظور اثر بخشی بیشتر و کاهش مقاومت ژنتیکی در سفید بالکها احساس میشود.
مواد و روش ها: در این تحقیق تأثیر ترکیبات استوکر® و اویسکت® روی سفید بالک گلخانه در قالب طرح بلوک کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار و پنج تکرار روی بوته گوجه فرنگی انجام شد. تیمارها شامل سه تیمار کود سم (ترکیب حشره کش، سورفکتانت، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاس) استوکر به نسبت های 5/2 ، 2، 5/1 در هزار و سه تیمار سم اویسکت به نسبت های 5/1، 1، 5/0 در هزار و تیمار شاهد(آب) بودند. تعیین میزان مرگ و میر وشمارش پوره ها پس از 24 ، 48 و 72 ساعت انجام گرفت.
یافته ها: مقایسه میانگینها در اثر متقابل تیمار و زمان نشان داد که بیشترین درصد تلفات سفیدبالک 2/63 درصد مربوط به تیمار کود سم استوکر با غلظت ۵/٢ در هزار در روز سوم بود . نتایج حاصل از سیستم طراحی مرکب نیز نشان داد که ترکیب کود-سم استوکر (تلفات 85 درصد) در مقایسه با ترکیب اویسکت (تلفات 50 درصد) اثر بخشی بیشتری را روی پوره های سفیدبالک گلخانه ایجاد مینماید.
نتیجه گیری: در نهايت مشخص گردید تركيب کود سم استوكر بيش از تركيب حشرهکش اويسكت براي كنترل سفيدبالك گلخانه روي گياه گوجه فرنگي موثر بوده و در کنترل تلفیقی این آفت قابل توصيه است.
Objective: Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)., is one of the most critical greenhouse pests in the world. It is spreading rapidly, and various pesticides and biological control agents are generally used. Due to the large number of generations and the occurrence of resistance to pesticides in whiteflies, it has become essential to study and research new and alternative insecticides to be more effective and reduce genetic resistance in whiteflies
Material and methods: In this research, the effect of Stoker and Evisect on T. vaporariorum was done in the form of a completely randomized block design with seven treatments and five replications (Tomato plants). The treatments include three Pesticide-fertilizer (combination of insecticide, surfactant, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash), Stoker at the ratios of 2.5, 2, and 1.5 per thousand, and three treatments of Evisect at the ratios of 1.5, 1, 0.5 per thousand, and control treatment (Distilled water). Determining the mortality rate and counting the nymphs was done after 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Results: The comparison of the averages of the interaction effect of treatment and time showed that the highest percentage of whitefly losses was 63.2%, related to the treatment of Stoker's pesticide-fertilizer with a concentration of 2.5 per thousand on the third day. The results of the central composite design (CCD) showed that Stocker (with a mortality rate of 85%) compared to Evisect (with a mortality rate of 50%) is more effective on whitefly nymphs.
Conclusion: In the end, it was determined that Stoker was more effective than Evisect for controlling greenhouse whiteflies on tomato plants, and it can be recommended in the integrated pest management programs.
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