بهبود کنترل بیولوژیک کپک خاکستری سیب با استفاده از مخلوط جدایههای مخمر و سیلیکون و القای پاسخ های دفاعی
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهیاسماعیل زنگویی 1 , حسن رضا اعتباریان 2 , نوازاله صاحبانی 3
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهر ری
3 - دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: ترکیبات فنلی, پراکسیداز, کاتالاز, کپک خاکستری سیب, سیلیکون,
چکیده مقاله :
در این پژوهش جدایه مخمر A5 از گونهCandida membranifuciens و جدایه A6 از گونه Pichia guilliermondiiبه صورت انفرادی و مخلوط با سیلیکون (Si) برای کنترل بیماری کپک خاکستری سیب با عامل Botrytis cinerea مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش اثر غلظتهای گوناگون سیلیکون بر روی جدایههای مخمر در شرایط آزمایشگاه نشان داد سیلیکون سبب کاهش رشد مخمرها میگردد. همچنین سیلیکون مانع جوانهزنی اسپور قارچ عامل بیماری در غلظتهای بالای 8/0% w/v میگردد. نتایج آزمایشات در شرایط انبار نیز نشان داد مخلوط جدایه+ A5 سیلیکون 2/0درصد و جدایه+ A6 سیلیکون 2/0 درصد با قطر لکه برابر با 87/3 و 48/3 میلی متر در دمای 4 درجه سانتی گراد و همچنین در دمای20 درجه سانتی گراد تیمار +A5 سیلیکون 2/0 با ایجاد قطر لکه معادل 23/5 میلی متر، بیشترین کنترل کنندگی را نسبت به دیگر تیمارها به صورت انفرادی و مخلوط با سیلیکون دارند. توانایی مخلوط جدایه مخمر A5 و سیلیکون 2/0 درصد در القای پاسخهای دفاعی در بافت سیب نشان داد این مخلوط چهار روز بعد از مایه زنی عامل بیماری فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز را کاهش میدهد. علاوه بر آن این مخلوط دو روز بعد از مایه زنی سبب افزایش فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و ترکیبات فنلی نیز میگردد. مطابق نتایج این پژوهش مخلوط مخمرها بهمراه سیلیکون با افزایش القاء مقاومت در بافت میوه سیب، سبب بهبود کنترل بیولوژیک میگردند.
The biocontrol agents Candida membranifuciens (A5), Pichia guilliermondi (A6) alone
and in combination with silicon (Si) were tested for biological control of the gray mold of
apple caused by Botrytis cinerea. Results showed that Si decreased the growth of the yeast
isolates A5 and A6 in vitro. Also silicon inhibited the growth of the pathogen at concentration
above 0/8% w/v Results of storage experiments indicated that, the lesion diameters in treated
fruit with the biocontrol combinations of Si % 0/2 +A5andSi % 0/2+A6 were 3/87 and3/48
mm respectively, at 4 C° and for Si % 0/2 +A5 was 5/23 mm at 20 oC, showing better control
than the other treatments. The combination of Si %0/2 +A5 caused a decrease in catalase
activity 4 days after inoculation with pathogen. This combination increased peroxidase
activity and Phenolic accumulation that reached maximum level 2 days after pathogen
inoculation. These results indicate that using antagonists in combination with silicon may
result in further induction of resistance in apple fruits and improve biological control.
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