بررسی اثرات تراکم کاشت و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد پروتئین گندم دوروم رقم آریا
محورهای موضوعی : توليد محصولات زراعي
مجتبي احمدی همزیان
1
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد خوی، دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، خوی، ایران)
کلید واژه: تراکم, درصد پروتئین, عملکرد, گندم دوروم, نیتروژن.,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثرات تراکم کاشت و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد پروتئین گندم دوروم رقم آریا آزمایشی در سال زراعی 87-1386 در مزرعه ای در جنوب غربی شهرستان خوی انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل 5×3 در3 تکرار انجام گرفت که در آن تراکم به عنوان فاکتور اول در 3 سطح (300، 400 و500 بذر در متر مربع) و کود نیتروژن به عنوان فاکتور دوم در 5 سطح (0، 50، 100، 150 و 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار) انتخاب شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که تراکم کاشت به¬جز تعداد برگ و شاخص برداشت بر سایر صفات آزمایش تأثیر معنی داری داشت. مقایسه میانگین انجام شده بر اساس آزمون دانکن نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه با 2/659 گرم در مترمربع در تراکم 500 بوته در مترمربع به دست آمد. سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن نیز به جز صفات تعداد برگ و شاخص برداشت تأثیر معنی داری بر روی سایر صفات مورد مطالعه داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه با 8/711 مترمربع در تیمار 200 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه در هکتار بدست. اثرات متقابل تراکم × نیتروژن نیز فقط بر صفت درصد پروتئین دانه تأثیر معنی داری داشت. بیشترین درصد پروتئین (36/15 درصد) در تیمار 200 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن دار در تراکم 300 بوته در متر مربع به دست آمد. بیشترین همبستگی عملکرد دانه با عملکرد بیولوژیک با ضریب همبستگی947 R2≤مشاهده شد و در بین اجزای عملکرد دانه نیز تعداد سنبله در متر مربع با 947 R2≤بالاترین همبستگی مثبت را با عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح داشت. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش گندم دوروم آریا با تراکم 500 بوته در متر مربع و 200 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن خالص بیشترین توان تولیدی را در منطقه نشان داد.
To evaluate the plant density and nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield, components, and percentage protein of Durum wheat var. Aria an experiment was carried out in south west of Khoy during 2007. Plant density in three levels (300, 400, 500 grain in m2) as the first factor and nitrogen fertilizer in five levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg per hectare) as the second factor. Result of variation analysis showed that except of leaf number and harvest index, plant density had meaningful effect on other traits. Comparison of the means showed that most grain yields by 659.2 grm-2 obtained in 500 plants per m2. The various levels of nitrogen fertilizer except of leaf number and harvest index had meaningful effect on other traits. The highest grain yield by 711.8 kgm-2 was obtained in 200 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare. The opposite effect of nitrogen density only had meaningful effect on protein percentage trait. The highest nitrogen percent (15/36) was obtained in 200 kg nitrogen per hectare by 300 plants per square meter density. There was a strongly correlation between grain yield by biological yield R2≤ 0.947 and between yield component. The rachis numbers by R2≤ 0.947 had most positive correlation by grain yield. By noticing results of this experiment, it is recognized that durum wheat var. Aria by 500 grain per m2 density and 200 kg nitrogen per hectare is recommendable for planting in the zone.
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