تخم‌مرغ‌های فراسودمند؛ الف) غنیشده با مواد معدنی، ویتامین‌ها و رنگدانه‌ها
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه کیفیت و ماندگاری تولیدات کشاورزی و مواد غذایی
1 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران
کلید واژه: تخم‌مرغ طراح, غذای فراسودمند, کاروتنوئیدها, عناصر کمیاب, غنی‌سازی,
چکیده مقاله :
تخم‌مرغ منبعی از ترکیبات ضروری حیاتی در نظر گرفته می‌شود که مواد مغذی را در یک بسته‌بندی بیولوژیکی فراهم می‌کند. امروزه با توجه به افزایش سطح آگاهی‌ها، کیفیت حسی و تغذیه‌ای تخم‌مرغ به یک دغدغه فزاینده برای مصرف‌کنندگان تبدیل شده است. لذا تقاضا برای تخم‌مرغ‌های دارای ویژگی‌ها و اثربخشی فراتر از یک غذای معمول از جمله تخم‌مرغ‌های غنیشده با مواد مغذی مانند مواد معدنی کمیاب (سلنیوم، آهن، روی، ید، مس و غیره)، ویتامین‌ها (محلول درآب و محلول در چربی)، ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی (مانند کاروتنوئیدها) رو به افزایش است. دستیابی به این هدف به سادگی از طریق رویکردهای تغذیه‌ای که منجر به تولید تخم‌مرغ‌های طراح می‌شود، ممکن و مقرون به‌صرفه است. بدین ترتیب تخم‌مرغ‌های فراسودمند برای مصرف‌کنندگانی که خواهان تخم‌مرغ‌هایی با خواص تغذیه‌ای متفاوت نسبت به تخم‌مرغ‌های معمولی هستند، گزینه‌های جدید و جذابی فراهم می‌کنند. در این مقاله، تلاش شده است تا رهیافت‌های تغذیه‌ای مختلف در پرورش و مدیریت مرغان تخمگذار جهت تولید تخم‌مرغ طراحی شده شامل اشکال مختلف مکمل‌های معدنی و آلی حاوی عناصر کمیاب، ویتامین‌ها و رنگدانه‌ها، مقادیر مورد نیاز روزانه و مقادیر تأمین شده توسط تخم‌مرغ‌های غنیشده جهت اعمال نقش بیولوژیک اختصاصی و نیز آثار سمیت ناشی از تداخل عمل برخی مکمل‌ها در سطوح مختلف مورد استفاده، بررسی شد. گرچه مشخص گردید که می‌توان به‌راحتی به تولید تخم‌مرغ‌های غنیشده از طریق رهیافت‌های تغذیه‌ای امیدوار بود لیکن اثبات ادعاهای سلامت‌بخش این تخم‌مرغ‌های طراح در مدل‌های انسانی نیازمند توجه به ترکیب و سازگاری آنها در جمعیت‌های مختلف و انجام آزمایشات تخصصی است.
Egg is considered as natural life supporting essential compounds source which provides nutritious food with biological packaging. Nowadays, due to the increasing level of awareness, the sensory and nutritional quality of eggs is becoming a growing concern for consumers. So, there is a growing demand for eggs with characteristics and effectiveness beyond a common food, including eggs enriched in nutrients such as trace minerals (selenium, iron, zinc, iodin, copper, etc.), vitamins (water and fat soluble), antioxidant compounds (such as carotenoids). The acheivement to this purpose is simply possible and economic through dietary approaches producind the designer eggs, resulting eggs can offer functions above and beyond that they usally provide. Designer eggs provide new and attractive options for consumers who want eggs with different nutritional properties than regular eggs. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide various nutritional approaches in the breeding and management of laying hens for the production of eggs designed, including various forms of mineral and organic supplements containing trace elements, vitamins and pigments, daily requirements and amounts provided by enriched eggs were evaluated for their specific biological role, as well as the toxicity effects of the interaction of some supplements at different levels used. Although it has been found that it is easy to hope for the production of enriched eggs through nutritional approaches, but proving the health claims of these designer eggs in human models requires attention to combine and adapt them in different populations and perform specialized experiments.
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