بررسی رابطه استقامت قلبی-عروقی و تصویر بدنی با تأکید بر نقش واسطه‌ای هیجان‌خواهی ورزشکاران جیوجیتسو و کاراته
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات روان شناسی شناختی در ورزش
منا مقصودیان فر
1
,
سیروس فارسی
2
*
,
امید کریمی پور
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم ورزشی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.
2 - دانشیار، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد مرودشت ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت ، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران
کلید واژه: استقامت قلبی-عروقی, هیجان‌خواهی, تصویر بدنی, ورزشکاران رزمی, جیوجیتسو برزیلی,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: تصویر بدنی به عنوان ادراک ذهنی و احساسی فرد از ظاهر و کارکرد بدن خود، یکی از مولفه‌های اساسی سلامت روان در ورزشکاران به شمار می‌آید و می‌تواند بر انگیزش، عملکرد ورزشی و حتی کیفیت زندگی اثرگذار باشد. این مفهوم تحت تأثیر مجموعه‌ای از عوامل فیزیولوژیک، روانشناختی و اجتماعی قرار دارد. در میان این عوامل، آمادگی جسمانی و به ویژه استقامت قلبی-عروقی، و همچنین ویژگی‌های شخصیتی مانند هیجان‌خواهی، نقش برجسته‌ای ایفا می‌کنند. ورزشکاران رشته‌های رزمی به دلیل ماهیت پویای تمرینات و قرار گرفتن در موقعیت‌های چالش‌برانگیز، بستری مناسب برای بررسی این ارتباط فراهم می‌کنند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین استقامت قلبی-عروقی، هیجان‌خواهی و تصویر بدنی در ورزشکاران رشته‌های رزمی بود.
روش شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش از نوع توصیفی–همبستگی و نمونه‌گیری به روش خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انجام شد. ۱۱۰ ورزشکار جیوجیتسو و کاراته در استان فارس شرکت کردند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون کوپر، پرسشنامه هیجان‌خواهی زاکرمن و پرسشنامه تصویر بدنی چندبعدی جمع‌آوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با آزمون همبستگی، رگرسیون چندگانه و مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری انجام گرفت.
یافتهها: استقامت قلبی-عروقی با هیجان‌خواهی (r=0.32) و تصویر بدنی (r=0.39) رابطه مثبت و معنادار داشت. هیجان‌خواهی نیز با تصویر بدنی رابطه مثبت ولی ضعیف‌تری نشان داد (r=0.21). رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد استقامت قلبی-عروقی پیش‌بینی‌کننده قوی‌تری برای تصویر بدنی است (β=0.31)، و هیجان‌خواهی نقش واسطه‌ای جزئی و معناداری در این رابطه داشت.
بحث و نتیجهگیری: نتایج تأکید می‌کند که استقامت قلبی-عروقی و هیجان‌خواهی هر دو در شکل‌گیری تصویر بدنی نقش دارند، اما اثر استقامت قوی‌تر است. پیشنهاد می‌شود برنامه‌های تمرینی ورزشکاران رزمی علاوه بر تقویت آمادگی هوازی، فرصت‌های متنوع هیجان‌انگیز برای ارتقای سلامت جسمانی و روانی فراهم کنند.
Abstract
Introduction: Body image, as a person’s mental and emotional perception of the appearance and function of their body, is considered one of the key components of mental health in athletes and can affect motivation, athletic performance, and even quality of life. This concept is influenced by a set of physiological, psychological, and social factors. Among these, physical fitness, especially cardiovascular endurance, as well as personality traits such as sensation seeking, play a prominent role. Martial arts athletes, due to the dynamic nature of their training and exposure to challenging situations, provide an appropriate context to examine this relationship. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cardiovascular endurance, sensation seeking, and body image in martial arts athletes.
research methodology: This correlational-descriptive study employed multistage cluster sampling with 110 jiu-jitsu and karate athletes from Fars province. Data were collected using the Cooper test, Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale, and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Analyses included Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling.
Findings: Cardiovascular endurance showed significant positive correlations with sensation seeking (r=0.32) and body image (r=0.39). Sensation seeking was also positively but weakly correlated with body image (r=0.21). Multiple regression indicated cardiovascular endurance as a stronger predictor of body image (β=0.31), while sensation seeking partially mediated this relationship.
Conclusion: : Findings highlight that both cardiovascular endurance and sensation seeking contribute to shaping body image, with endurance having a stronger effect. It is recommended that martial arts training programs enhance aerobic fitness while providing varied, stimulating activities to improve athletes’ physical and psychological well-being.
1. Aguilar, K. J. M., Surco, R. M., Medrano, D. L. R., & Revilla, K. A. Z. (2024). Búsqueda de sensaciones en varones y mujeres jóvenes de Arequipa: Un estudio cualitativo. Revista de Psicología, 14(2), 143-162.
2. Białek-Dratwa, A., Staśkiewicz, W., Grajek, M., Filip, A., Rozmiarek, M., Krupa-Kotara, K., & Kowalski, O. (2022). Body composition and its perception among professional female volleyball players and fitness athletes (Silesia, Poland). International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(19), 11891.
3. Biddle, S. J., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 886-895.
4. da Silva, C. A., de Paula Rodrigues, A. L., & Soares, S. L. (2019). Comparação dos níveis de aptidão física entre escolares praticantes e não praticantes de jiu-jitsu. Temas em Educação e Saúde, 72-92.
5. Firth, J., Marx, W., Dash, S., Carney, R., Teasdale, S. B., Solmi, M., ... & Sarris, J. (2019). The effects of dietary improvement on symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic medicine, 81(3), 265-280.
6. Flanagan, E. W., & Perry, A. C. (2018). Perception of physical fitness and exercise self-efficacy and its contribution to the relationship between body dissatisfaction and physical fitness in female minority children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6), 1187.
7. Hughes, E. K., & Gullone, E. (2011). Emotion regulation moderates relationships between body image concerns and psychological symptomatology. Body image, 8(3), 224-231.
8. Jiménez-Moral, J. A., Sánchez, M. L. Z., Molero, D., Pulido-Martos, M., & Ruiz, J. R. (2013). Capacidad aeróbica, felicidad y satisfacción con la vida en adolescentes españoles. Revista de psicología del deporte, 22(2), 429-436.
9. Kajtna, T., Tušak, M., & Burnik, S. (2004). Sensation seeking in high-risk sport athletes. Kinesiologia slovenica (Ljubljana), 10(2), 26-36.
10. Kang, S. J., & He, Z. (2021). The Effects of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu on Body Composition, Health Fitness, Functional Movement Screening in non-Elite Healthy Young Adults. The Asian Journal of Kinesiology, 23(3), 29-37.
11. Khodabakhsh, M. R., Borjali, A., Sohrabi, F., & Farrokhi, N. A. F. (2015). The role of emotion regulation difficulties as a mediator of the relationship between body image disturbance and disordered eating behavior. Journal of Pediatric Perspectives, 3(2.1), 23-32.
12. Kuang, Y. (2024). The Impact of Aerobics on Body Image Perception of College Students . Journal of Education and Educational Research, 8(3), 372-375. https://doi.org/10.54097/dpew0a44
13. Liebel, S. W., Edwards, K. A., & Broglio, S. P. (2021). Sensation-seeking and impulsivity in athletes with sport-related concussion. Current psychiatry reports, 23(4), 15.
14. Liebel, S. W., Van Pelt, K. L., Garcia, G. G. P., Czerniak, L. L., McCrea, M. A., McAllister, T. W., ... & CARE Consortium Investigators. (2020). The relationship between sport-related concussion and sensation-seeking. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(23), 9097.
15. Lobermeier, M., & Peters, S. (2020). Behavioral and Event Related Potential Measures of Response Initiation and Response Inhibition by Age and Sensation Seeking. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 25(1).
16. Moore, B., Dudley, D., & Woodcock, S. (2020). The effect of martial arts training on mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 24(4), 402-412.
17. Norbury, A., & Husain, M. (2015). Sensation-seeking: Dopaminergic modulation and risk for psychopathology. Behavioural brain research, 288, 79-93.
18. Payandeh, R. and NematTavousi, M. (2021). The Mediating Role of Internalization of Societal Ideals in the Relationship Between Sociocultural Attitudes and Body Appearance Dissatisfaction. Social Psychology Research, 10(40), 59-74. doi: 10.22034/spr.2021.127714
19. Pearson, E. S., & Hall, C. R. (2013). Examining body image and its relationship to exercise motivation: An 18-week cardiovascular program for female initiates with overweight and obesity. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 5(2), 5.
20. Pires, S., Vieira, D., & Branco, M. C. (2021). Children and teens moving towards mental health. Nascer E Crescer-Birth and Growth Medical Journal, 30(3), 166-170.
21. Popovici, I. M., & Moraru, C. E. (2019). The role of self-image and motivation in sports performance. International Proceedings of Human Motricity, 195-201.
22. Predoiua, R., Bertollob, M., Predoiuc, A., Stănescud, R., Hamdie, F., Nijloveanuf, D., & Cosmag, G. (2024). Instrumental vs. stimulating risk: the dual psychological nature of risk-taking behavior in combat sports. Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology, 14(2).
23. Qin, Y., Lü, W., Hughes, B. M., & Kaczmarek, L. D. (2019). Trait and state approach-motivated positive affects interactively influence stress cardiovascular recovery. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 146, 261-269.
24. Rahimi, A. and Asefi, A. A. (2022). Institutionalization of Leisure Time Physical Activity. Sport Management Journal, 14(4), 183-165. doi: 10.22059/jsm.2021.324048.2725
25. Ruta, D. (2024). Characteristics of Physiological Parameters Determining Endurance in Prolonged Physical Efforts, Definition and Principles of Health Training and Exercise Intensity Zones. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 69, 55361-55361.
26. Rutkowski, T., Sobiech, K., & Chwałczyńska, A. (2019). The effect of karate training on changes in physical fitness in school-age children with normal and abnormal body weight. Physiotherapy Quarterly, 27(3), 28-33.
27. Sabiston, C. M., Pila, E. V., Vani, M., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2019). Body image, physical activity, and sport: A scoping review. Psychology of sport and exercise, 42, 48-57.
28. Sarwer, D. B., & Cash, T. F. (2008). Body image: interfacing behavioral and medical sciences. Aesthetic surgery journal, 28(3), 357-358.
29. sedaghat, H. , abdolahi, E. and Jamadi, A. (2021). Sociological analysis of criminal behavior and criminal responsibility. Political Sociology of Iran, 3(4), 611-626. doi: 10.30510/psi.2021.265859.1435
30. Shatz, V. Y., & Tokareva, N. A. (1962). Long-term anticoagulant therapy on an outpatient basis. Kazan medical journal, 43(5), 84-86.
31. Soulliard, Z. A., Kauffman, A. A., Fitterman-Harris, H. F., Perry, J. E., & Ross, M. J. (2019). Examining positive body image, sport confidence, flow state, and subjective performance among student athletes and non-athletes. Body image, 28, 93-100.
32. Świda, M., Bazarewicz, J., Kubuj, C., Adaśko, G., Mazur, U., Siwik, M., ... & Waszak, J. (2025). The Impact of Physical Activity on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Comprehensive Review of Current Research and Clinical Implications. Quality in Sport, 43, 62379-62379.
33. Szűcs, R. S., Polya, E., & Szakály, Z. (2020). Perception of body image among people engaged in sports on a regular basis.
34. Valizadefard, F. (2020). Relationship between Perceived body image and Perceived Physical fitness in active and non-active girl. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 16(31), 80-67. doi: 10.22080/jsmb.2018.13809.2822
35. Xu, T., Li, H., Rao, G., & Wang, F. (2025). Exploring the impact of traditional Chinese martial arts and other martial arts on adolescent aggression: a comparative analysis of underlying mechanisms. BMC psychology, 13(1), 352.
36. Zucherman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal.
37. Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge university press.
38. Abreu, R. M., Porta, A., Rehder-Santos, P., Silva, C. D., Signini, É. F., Milan-Mattos, J., ... & Catai, A. M. (2022, October). Cardiorespiratory coupling is associated with exercise capacity in athletes. In 2022 12th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations (ESGCO) (pp. 1-2). IEEE.
39. Anderson, S. A., Haraldsdottir, K., & Watson, D. (2021). Mindfulness in athletes. Current sports medicine reports, 20(12), 655-660.
40. Desharnais, R., Jobin, J., Côté, C., Lévesque, L., & Godin, G. (1993). Aerobic exercise and the placebo effect: a controlled study. Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine, 55(2), 149-154.
41. Duggan, J. M., Toste, J. R., & Heath, N. L. (2013). An examination of the relationship between body image factors and non-suicidal self-injury in young adults: The mediating influence of emotion dysregulation. Psychiatry Research, 206(2-3), 256-264.
42. Gardner, R. M. (1996). Methodological issues in assessment of the perceptual component of body image disturbance. British Journal of Psychology, 87(2), 327-337.
43. Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2001). Comparison of body image between athletes and nonathletes: A meta-analytic review. Journal of applied sport psychology, 13(3), 323-339.